Experimental validation of computational fluid dynamics for solving isothermal and incompressible viscous fluid flow
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Experimental validation of computational fluid dynamics for solving isothermal and incompressible viscous fluid flow Bilen Emek Abali1 · Ömer Savaş2 Received: 29 January 2020 / Accepted: 23 July 2020 © The Author(s) 2020 OPEN
Abstract In order to validate a computational method for solving viscous fluid flows, experiments are carried out in an eccentric cylindrical cavity showing various flow formations over a range of Reynolds numbers. Especially, in numerical solution approaches for isothermal and incompressible flows, we search for simple experimental data for evaluating accuracy as well as performance of the computational method. Verification of different computational methods is arduous, and analytic solutions are only obtained for simple geometries like a channel flow. Clearly, a method is expected to predict different flow patterns within a cavity. Thus, we propose a configuration generating different flow formations depending on the Reynolds number and make the experimental results freely available in order to be used as an assessment criterion to demonstrate the reliability of a new computational approach. Keywords Cavity flow · Experimental validation · PIV · CFD · FEM
1 Introduction The computational study of a physical problem is accepted as reliable, if the employed implementation is validated by using the experimental results. Especially, in fluid dynamics simulations, since the computational methods are still being developed, the experimental results with clearly identified initial and boundary conditions are of paramount importance. Experimental data are used for validating the numerical results, specifically for cases where analytic solutions are not known. Ample studies are available in the literature comparing the experimental and numerical results for Newtonian fluids like water [1, 2], blood [3, 4], even for very thick fluids [5], during casting [6], and also for geometries with an obstacle creating vortex shedding [7–9] or even for a mixture [10]. Especially, in engineering science, a commercial software or an in-house code is employed for a numerical analysis of a simplified system.
Assumptions have to be made for the simplification; thus, the reliability of the used software is challenging to justify. Furthermore, we stress that different types of partial differential equations make the coupled system difficult to solve [11]. Hence, various methods and implementations exist and are emerging; examining their reliability is of great interest. In benchmarking new numerical schemes [12], the reference results are generated by using direct numerical simulations in order to design a computationally challenging configuration [13–16] for testing the robustness of the numerical implementation. For some special applications, experimental data are utilized for a specific geometry and used to validate the numerical results [17, 18]. For systems with lacking the experimental results, direct numerical simulations are used for generating test cases to verify the accuracy of a numerical implementatio
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