Experimentation in Software Engineering An Introduction

It is my belief that software engineers not only need to know software engineering methods and processes, but that they also should know how to assess them. Conse­ quently, I have taught principles of experimentation and empirical studies as part of the s

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THE KLUWER INTERNATIONAL SERIES IN SOFTWARE ENGINEERING Series Editor

Victor R. Basili University of Maryland College Park, MD 20742

Also in the Series: FORMAL SPECIFICAnON TECHNIQUES FOR ENGINEERING MODULAR C PROGRAMS, by TAN Yang Meng; ISBN: 0-7923-9653-7 TOOLS AND ENVIRONMENTS FOR PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS, by Amr Zaky and Ted Lewis; ISBN: 0-7923-9675-8 CONSTRAINT-BASED DESIGN RECOVERY FOR SOFTWARE REENGINEERING: Theory and Experiments, by Steven G. Woods, Alexander E. Quilici and Qiang Yang; ISBN: 0-7923-8067-3 SOFTWARE DEFECT MODELING, by Kai- Yuan Cai; ISBN: 0-7923-8259-5 NON-FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS IN SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, by Lawrence Chung, Brian A. Nixon, Eric Yu and John Mylopoulos; ISBN: 0-79238666-3

The Kluwer International Series in Software Engineering addresses the following goals: • • •

To coherently and consistently present important research topics and their application(s). To present evolved concepts in one place as a coherent whole, updating early versions of the ideas and notations. To provide publications which will be used as the ultimate reference on the topic by experts in the area.

With the dynamic growth evident in this field and the need to communicate findings, this series provides a forum for information targeted toward Software Engineers.

EXPERIMENTATION IN SOFTWARE ENGINEERING An Introduction by

Claes Wohlin Per Runeson Martin Bost Magnus c. Ohlsson Bjorn Regnell Anders Wessl6n Lund University Sweden

SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Experimentation in software engineering : an introduction / by Claes Wohlin ... [et aL]. p. cm.--(The Kluwer international ser ies in software engineering ; [006]) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4613-7091-8 ISBN 978-1-4615-4625-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-4625-2 1. Software engineering. 2. Computer software--Evaluation. 1. Wohlin, Claes. II. Kluwer international series in software engineering ; 6. QA76.758 .E995 2000 005.1--dc21 99-048367

Copyright © 2000 by Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2000 Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover Ist edition 2000

AII rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photo-copying, recording, Of otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

Printed an acid-free paper.

Contents

xi

Foreword

1

2

Preface

xiii

Acknow ledgment

xix

Introduction

1

1.1

Software engineering context

2

1.2

Science and software engineering

4

Empirical strategies

7

2.1

Overview of empirical strategies

2.2

Surveys

8 10

2.2.1

10

Survey characteristics

Experimentation in Software Engineering

2.2.2 2.2.3

12

Experiments 2.4.1 Characteristics 2.4.2 Experiment process

14

2.5

Empirical strategies comparison

2.6

Empiricism in a software engineering context 2.6.1 Empirical evaluation of process changes 2.6