Exploring and Conceptualising Software-Based Motivation Within Enterprise
Staff motivation leads to more efficiency, quality and enjoyment while performing tasks and fulfilling business requirements. Software-based motivation is the use of technology, such as gamification, persuasive technology and entertainment computing to fa
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Abstract. Staff motivation leads to more efficiency, quality and enjoyment while performing tasks and fulfilling business requirements. Software-based motivation is the use of technology, such as gamification, persuasive technology and entertainment computing to facilitate and boost such behaviour and attitude. Despite its importance and unique peculiarities, motivation is not yet seen as a first class concept in enterprise modelling and requirements engineering literature. An ad-hoc design and deployment of software-based motivation might be detrimental and menace significantly other functional and non-functional requirements of the business, e.g., giving certain requirements more priority, increasing pressure to complete tasks, increasing competition to win the reward, etc. In this research, we follow a mixed method approach to conceptualise software-based motivation within enterprises taking the perspective of managers and employees and, also, experts from a wide range of domains including psychology, HCI, human factors in computing and software engineering. Our findings suggest the need for a personalised and human-centred engineering method of software-based motivation within enterprises which treats their profiles and preferences as equally important to their business roles. A blueprint of such method is introduced. Keywords: Requirements engineering · Human centred design · Human factors in computing · Conceptual modelling · Gamificaiton
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Introduction
Motivation as a research topic has been in the interest of various disciplines, e.g., psychology [1], business management [2], education [3], and healthcare [4]. Several definitions of motivation are available in the literature [5]. However, a widely accepted definition is the “psychological processes that cause the arousal, direction, and persistence of behaviour” [6]. It aims to encourage and increase people’s act in a certain manner. The substance that enables motivation to achieve this goal is known as “motive” [7]. c IFIP International Federation for Information Processing 2016 Published by Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016. All Rights Reserved J. Horkoff et al. (Eds.): PoEM 2016, LNBIP 267, pp. 241–256, 2016. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-48393-1 17
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With the popularity of new advances in computing, motivation has become subject to automation and software support. Examples include gamification and persuasive technology. These techniques, also known as software-based motivation (SbM) [8,9], aim to change users’ behaviour towards a desired one through persuasion, social influence, and rewarding, but not coercion [10]. Enterprises endeavour to help employees achieve their goals and facilitate tasks. Motivation aims to encourage social actors such as employees to do their tasks and interact efficiently to achieve business goals and quality requirements of the enterprise such as productivity. It is also meant to achieve social requirements such as sense of membership, loyalty and mental well-being within workplace [11]. Hence, motivation
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