Exploring the Manifestations of Anxiety in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Exploring the Manifestations of Anxiety in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders Victoria Hallett • Luc Lecavalier • Denis G. Sukhodolsky • Noreen Cipriano • Michael G. Aman • James T. McCracken • Christopher J. McDougle • Elaine Tierney • Bryan H. King • Eric Hollander Linmarie Sikich • Joel Bregman • Evdokia Anagnostou • Craig Donnelly • Lily Katsovich • Kimberly Dukes • Benedetto Vitiello • Kenneth Gadow • Lawrence Scahill
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Ó Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013
Abstract This study explores the manifestation and measurement of anxiety symptoms in 415 children with ASDs on a 20-item, parent-rated, DSM-IV referenced anxiety scale. In both high and low-functioning children (IQ above vs. below 70), commonly endorsed items assessed restlessness, tension and sleep difficulties. Items requiring verbal expression of worry by the child were rarely endorsed. Higher anxiety was associated with functional language, IQ above 70 and higher scores on several other behavioral measures. Four underlying factors emerged: Generalized Anxiety, Separation Anxiety, Social Anxiety and Over-arousal. Our findings extend our
understanding of anxiety across IQ in ASD and provide guidance for improving anxiety outcome measurement.
V. Hallett D. G. Sukhodolsky N. Cipriano L. Katsovich L. Scahill Child Study Center and School of Nursing, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
B. H. King Department of Psychiatry, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Present Address: V. Hallett Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK L. Lecavalier M. G. Aman Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
Keywords Autism spectrum disorders Anxiety Measurement Clinical Trials Abbreviations ASDs PDD RUPP
Autism spectrum disorders Pervasive developmental disorder Research Units in Pediatric Psychopharmcology
E. Hollander Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA L. Sikich Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA J. Bregman The Center for Autism, Philadelphia, PA, USA
J. T. McCracken Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neurosciences, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
E. Anagnostou Department of Pediatrics, Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
C. J. McDougle Lurie Center for Autism, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
C. Donnelly Department of Psychiatry, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH, USA
E. Tierney Department of Psychiatry, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
K. Dukes DM-STAT, Inc, Malden, MA, USA
123
J Autism Dev Disord
STAART CYBOCS-PDD
Studies to Advance Autism Research and Treatment Children’s Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scales modified for Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Introduction Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), including Autistic Disorder, Asperger’s Disor
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