Exploring the structure of sol-gel-derived hybrids for immobilization of RNA: Influence of RNA content
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ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION
Exploring the structure of sol-gel-derived hybrids for immobilization of RNA: Influence of RNA content Derya Kapusuz 1 Received: 17 July 2020 / Revised: 16 September 2020 / Accepted: 12 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this work, RNA oligonucleotides (yeast) were immobilized in silica (SiO2)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) hybrid particles. Two different particulate hybrids containing 55 and 110 μg RNA per g of SiO2 precursor were prepared using hydrous sol-gel route at room temperature. The molar PEG:TEOS ratio was kept at 0.65. The structural development in RNA-immobilized hybrids was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), gas adsorption (N2), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopy techniques. RNA oligonucleotides were immobilized in pores close to surface; however, they were immobilized in interior structure when PEG hybridization was performed. Along with structural differences that occurred by increasing the RNA load, RNA immobilization in the hybrid silica/PEG network could be performed without phase separation. Doubling the RNA content resulted in plate-like particle formation. In the overall, results indicate that oligonucleotides could be effectively shielded in the interior mesopores of the silica/PEG hybrids. They did not leak out of particles into the tris-EDTA buffer up to 48 h. This work indicated that RNA-immobilized silica/PEG matrices are promising candidates for use in stationary biological tools that require maximized level of oligo-loading capacity. Keywords RNA . Biosensor . Mesoporous . Silica . PEG . Sol-gel
Introduction In this century, successful immobilization and transportation of nucleic acid fragments—DNA or RNA oligonucleotides— in inorganic or organic/inorganic hybrid materials are of crucial importance to transfer biological information and combine systems to man-made products and use them for sensors, robots, genetic control, and treatment of diseases. Gene regulating or silencing materials (i.e. RNA interference) specially require gene immobilization platforms that could not only carry and shield genes in the organism, but regulate their cargo-release [1–3]. Also, designing nucleic acidimmobilized biosensors is also one of the leading strategies in applied physics and environmental analytics. In a similar manner, diagnostic and theranostic systems intensely require nucleic acid immobilizing matrices which could provide high oligo-loading while shielding them against degradation [4–6].
* Derya Kapusuz [email protected] 1
Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Gaziantep University, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey
Until recently, mesoporous silica (MPS) having a biocompatible, mechanically robust, chemically inert nature with its resistance to thermal degradation have met most of the requirements for utilization in the above-mentioned applications. Decades before, successful encapsulation of nucleic acids, enzymes, bac
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