Exploring the use of IoT Data for Heightened Situational Awareness in Centralised Monitoring Control Rooms
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Exploring the use of IoT Data for Heightened Situational Awareness in Centralised Monitoring Control Rooms ´ Flavio Horita1,2
˜ Baptista2 · Joao
˜ Porto de Albuquerque3 · Joao
Accepted: 5 October 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract This paper traces the expansion of a network of IoT sensors to improve the effectiveness of a centralised control room in Brazil in anticipating natural hazards. This centralised model relies on using IoT data by highly qualified experts replacing previous smaller local structures. We draw on the notion of Situational Awareness to carry out the study. Results show that although the operators were not always familiar with the characteristics of locations, the use of IoT data heightened their situational awareness in the centralised control room by improving perception and comprehension. However, they still relied on local knowledge and learned experiences to support projection and anticipation of risks. The study highlights that although data analytics systems are capable of expanding operators’ perception of local elements, they must be complemented by local richer forms of information, needed to anticipate risks and make critical decisions with major impact on local population. Keywords Situation awareness · Centralised monitoring control room · IoT big data · Disaster risk monitoring · Digital transformation · Advanced ICT
1 Introduction Digital technology can support critical decision making, and sometimes these decisions could be the difference between life or death when they are used to anticipate disasters triggered by natural hazards, particularly in poor regions of the world (Sakurai and Murayama 2019). Our study followed the deployment of a new national network of Internet-of-Things (IoT) weather sensors and the development of a centralised control room with advanced Fl´avio Horita
[email protected] Jo˜ao Baptista [email protected] Jo˜ao Porto de Albuquerque [email protected] 1
Center for Mathematics, Computing and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, Santo Andr´e, Brazil
2
Warwick Business School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
3
Institute of Global Sustainable Development, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
computational capabilities and qualified experts to anticipate natural hazards across Brazil. This new infrastructure of sensors and the central monitoring control room replace a fragmented system that relied on local teams with limited resources and knowledge to recognise and respond to natural hazards. We have followed the expansion of this network and the development of the Brazilian National Centre for Disaster Monitoring and Early Warning System (Cemaden) since 2016. Cemaden’s mission is centred on monitoring weather conditions to issue warnings of likely natural disasters such as droughts, landslides, floods, and flash floods (Horita et al. 2018). To support this aim, highly qualified experts working in a centralised monitoring team rely on a sensor network for environmental monitoring (e.g., water level and volume of rainfall). Thi
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