Expression of interleukin-15 and inflammatory cytokines in skeletal muscles of STZ-induced diabetic rats: effect of resi
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Expression of interleukin-15 and inflammatory cytokines in skeletal muscles of STZ-induced diabetic rats: effect of resistance exercise training M. Molanouri Shamsi • Z. H. Hassan • R. Gharakhanlou • L. S. Quinn • K. Azadmanesh L. Baghersad • A. Isanejad • M. Mahdavi
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Received: 15 February 2013 / Accepted: 13 August 2013 Ó Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013
Abstract Skeletal muscle atrophy is associated with type1 diabetes. Skeletal muscle is the source of pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines that can mediate muscle hypertrophy and atrophy, while resistance exercise can modulate both muscle mass and muscle cytokine expression. This study determined the effects of a 5-week resistance exercise training regimen on the expression of muscle cytokines in healthy and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, with special emphasis on interleukin-15 (IL-15), a muscle-derived cytokine proposed to be involved in muscle hypertrophy or responses to stress. Induction of diabetes reduced muscle weight in both the fast flexor hallucis longus (FHL) and slow soleus muscles, while resistance training preserved FHL muscle weight in diabetic rats. IL-15 protein content was
increased by training in both FHL and soleus muscles, as well as serum, in normal and diabetic rats. With regard to proinflammatory cytokines, muscle IL-6 levels were increased in diabetic rats, while training decreased muscle IL-6 levels in diabetic rats; training had no effect on FHL muscle IL-6 levels in healthy rats. Also, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) and IL-1b levels were increased by diabetes, but not changed by training. In conclusion, we found that in diabetic rats, resistance training increased muscle and serum IL-15 levels, decreased muscle IL-6 levels, and preserved FHL muscle mass.
M. Molanouri Shamsi (&) R. Gharakhanlou L. Baghersad Physical Education & Sport Sciences Department, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Jala Ale Ahmad Exp, 14117-13116, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran e-mail: [email protected]
K. Azadmanesh M. Mahdavi (&) Virology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 69 Pasteur Ave, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran e-mail: [email protected]
R. Gharakhanlou e-mail: [email protected] L. Baghersad e-mail: [email protected] Z. H. Hassan Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Jala Ale Ahmad Exp, 14115-13116, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran e-mail: [email protected]
Keywords Interleukin-15 Inflammatory cytokines Resistance training Type-1 diabetes
K. Azadmanesh e-mail: [email protected] A. Isanejad Physical Education & Sport Sciences Department, Faculty of Humanities, Shahed University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran e-mail: [email protected]
L. S. Quinn Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, and Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98108, USA e-mail: [email protected]
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Endocrine
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