Extracellular microRNA profiling in human follicular fluid: new biomarkers in female reproductive potential
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REVIEW
Extracellular microRNA profiling in human follicular fluid: new biomarkers in female reproductive potential Maryam Qasemi 1 & Fardin Amidi 1,2 Received: 5 February 2020 / Accepted: 10 June 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, about 22 nucleotides, non-coding RNAs which regulate a wide range of gene expression during post-transcriptional stage. They are released into intra- and extracellular microenvironments and play vital roles in different physiological and pathological pathways. Due to easy accessibility, detection of extracellular miRNAs in body fluids, e.g. serum, plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, and follicular fluid, has been explored in recent years. Since miRNAs are stable at unsuitable conditions, scientists have been investigating to use them as biomarkers in different fields of medicines. It goes without saying that experienced biomarkers would be required in reproductive medicine as well. Biomarkers can help clinicians and embryologists to diagnose disorders and assess the embryo quality via molecular pattern which is more reliable than nowadays routine methods. Follicular fluid as a noninvasive fluid in assisted reproductive techniques (ART) has attracted researchers as a rich pool for biomarkers, and miRNAs are not exception. Although miRNA biomarkers in reproduction field are located on their initial stage and there is a long path to move forward, several meticulous studies have been performed and discovered their associations with various conditions. In this regard, we summarize the reported miRNAs in follicular fluid and their correlations with female infertility and ART success rate, while subsequent investigations are required. Keywords MicroRNAs . Biomarkers . Reproductive medicine . Follicular fluid . Assisted reproductive techniques
Introduction Female reproductive cycles consist of several different processes [1]. The spatiotemporal pattern of gene expression is involved in different compartments of ovary including oocyte, surrounding cumulus, granulosa, theca cells, and also follicular fluid [2]. MiRNAs are one of the important molecules that play vital roles in regulation of gene expression [3]. Studies have indicated that miRNAs in follicular fluid alter during various stages of follicle development and are significantly involved in oocyte maturation [1]. For instance, in a study by Sohel et al., follicular fluid miRNAs could be taken up by granulosa cells and altering endogenous miRNA and
* Fardin Amidi [email protected] 1
Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2
Department of Infertility, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
mRNA expression [4]. Moreover, their protective effects against stress conditions of oocytes have been proved in animal models [5]. On the other hand, assessment of oocyte quality and developmental competence of regarded embryo by morphological criteria is not a strong and reliable indicator [
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