Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field induces a change in proliferative capacity and redox homeostasis of human
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field induces a change in proliferative capacity and redox homeostasis of human lung fibroblast cell line MRC-5 Maida H. Lekovic 1 & Nerkesa E. Drekovic 1 & Nihat Dz. Granica 1 & Elvis H. Mahmutovic 1 & Natasa Z. Djordjevic 1 Received: 22 January 2020 / Accepted: 6 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Numerous studies have shown that extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) by modulating oxidativeantioxidative balance in the cells achieved beneficial and harmful effects on living organisms. The aim of this study was to research changes of both proliferative capacity and redox homeostasis of human lung fibroblast cell line MRC-5 during exposure to ELF-EMF (50 Hz). The human lung fibroblast cell line MRC-5 were exposed to ELF-EMF once a day in duration of 1 h during 24 h (1 treatment 1 h/day), 48 h (2 treatments 1 h/day), 72 h (3 treatments 1 h/day), and 7 days (7 treatments 1 h/day). After 24 h of the last treatment, the proliferative capacity of the cells and the concentrations and activities of the components of the oxidative/ antioxidative system were determined: superoxide anion (O2.−), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric oxide (NO), peroxynitrite (ONOO−), reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). The results of this study show that ELFEMF may affect a cell cycle regulation of human lung fibroblast cell line MRC-5 through modulation of oxidative/antioxidative defense system. The effects of ELF-EMF on proliferation and redox balance of human lung fibroblast cell line MRC-5 depend on exposure time. Keywords Electromagnetic field . Redox homeostasis . Cell proliferation . Human lung fibroblasts
Introduction Modern lifestyles based on the latest technical advances make a human be surrounded daily by electrically powered devices and transmission lines that generate low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF, 50 Hz). Data in the literature show that different electromagnetic fields (EMFs) may have beneficial and harmful effects on living organisms depending on the frequency, an exposure time, and density, as well as on the characteristics of living organisms (D’Angelo et al. 2015). Beneficial effects of EMFs on human health are based on their clinical application in rehabilitation medicine for neural and bone regeneration as well as for therapy of psychiatric and
Responsible Editor: Lotfi Aleya * Natasa Z. Djordjevic [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Novi Pazar, Vuka Karadzica bb, Novi Pazar 36300, Serbia
neurodegenerative disorders (Markov 2007; Kovacic and Somanathan 2010; Consales et al. 2012). On the other hand, the association between an excessive exposure to EMFs and a male infertility, miscarriage, dysfunction of the immunity and cardiovascular system, neurodegenerative d
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