Fabrication and characterizations of PCDTBT: PC 71 BM bulk heterojunction solar cell using air brush coating method
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Fabrication and characterizations of PCDTBT: PC71BM bulk heterojunction solar cell using air brush coating method Santhakumar Kannappan • Kumar Palanisamy • Jiro Tatsugi • Paik-Kyun Shin • Shizuyasu Ochiai
Received: 20 August 2012 / Accepted: 2 November 2012 / Published online: 27 November 2012 Ó Springer Science+Business Media New York 2012
Abstract Organic solar cells have been significantly attracted due to the need to develop an inexpensive clean and sustainable renewable energy source. We report on the fabrication of poly [N-900 -hepta-decanyl-2,7-carbazolealt-5,5-(40 ,70 -di-2-thienyl-20 ,10 ,30 -benzothiadiazole)]/[6,6]phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester blend active layer using airbrush spray-coating method in mixed solvents. Optical absorption of the active layers was analyzed using UV–visible spectral studies in the wavelength range from 300 to 800 nm. The surface morphology of the active layers deposited with different parameters (spraying time and substrate-nozzle distance) was examined using atomic force microscopy. The current density–voltage (J–V) characteristics of photovoltaic cells were measured under the illumination of simulated solar light with 100 mW cm-2 (AM 1.5G) by an Oriel 1000 W solar simulator. The power conversion efficiency of the solar cell is more than 5 %.
Introduction In the recent decades, people started being concerned about the environment issues. There is much public fear about nuclear energy, fueled by accidents such as Chernobyl and S. Kannappan K. Palanisamy S. Ochiai (&) Department of Electrical Engineering, Aichi Institute of Technology, Toyota City 470-0392, Japan e-mail: [email protected] J. Tatsugi Department of Applied Chemistry, Aichi Institute of Technology, Toyota City 470-0392, Japan P.-K. Shin School of Electrical Engineering, Inha University, 253 Yonghyun-gong, Inchon 402-751, Korea
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Three Mile Island, and the recent nuclear meltdown incident in the Fukushima nuclear power plants; Japan has offered the world a lot of important lessons. Renewable energy is considered to be one of the solutions to reduce environmental pollution. It is environmentally-friendly energy; as they do not emit harmful gases and we can get energy in perpetuity from the sun, water, underground heat, and biomass. Regarding the environmental problem, Japan launched a project that promotes the use of renewable energy for reducing carbon dioxide emissions. Today, Japan uses renewable energy only 1.3 % of the total energy usage. While the current usage remains low, Japan is planning to accelerate further renewable energy development. Solar energy is considered as one of the most promising energy alternatives among them. It is used as a photovoltaic (PV) for electricity and solar thermal for heating. The research for solar energy is focused on these two technologies. Japan is the fastest growing nation that is promoting PV and currently leads the world market. In fact, 45 % of PV cells in the world are manufactured in Japan. Also, a consumer can sell excess electricity that is produc
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