Fabrication and evaluation of pH sensitive chemically cross-linked interpenetrating network [Gelatin/Polyvinylpyrrolidon

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Fabrication and evaluation of pH sensitive chemically cross‑linked interpenetrating network [Gelatin/ Polyvinylpyrrolidone‑co‑poly(acrylic acid)] for targeted release of 5‑fluorouracil Asma Majeed1 · Fahad Pervaiz1   · Hina Shoukat1 · Kanwal Shabbir1 · Sobia Noreen1 · Maryam Anwar1 Received: 6 January 2020 / Revised: 5 November 2020 / Accepted: 13 November 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020

Abstract The prime objective of present study was to fabricate novel pH sensitive chemically cross-linked interpenetrating network (IPN) of gelatin/polyvinylpyrrolidone-co-poly (acrylic acid) for controlled delivery of 5-fluorouracil at colon-specific site by combining the properties of natural and synthetic polymers. IPN was prepared through free radical polymerization method by using gelatin and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as polymers, acrylic acid as monomer and Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as a cross-linker. Ammonium peroxodisulphate/sodium hydrogen sulphite were utilized to initiate polymerization process. Series of hydrogels were prepared by altering concentration of gelatin, PVP, acrylic acid and EGDMA. Evaluations with TGA, DSC, XRD, SEM, FTIR and sol–gel analysis were performed to investigate thermal stability, amorphous or crystalline nature, surface morphology and existence of functional groups, which confirm stability and effective crosslinking of hydrogels. Swelling and in vitro drug release studies were performed at both acidic (1.2) and basic (7.4) pH. Hydrogels exhibited higher swelling and drug release at pH 7.4 as compared to at pH 1.2, which confirms the pH sensitive behaviour of fabricated hydrogels. However, it was observed that by increasing polymers, monomer and cross-linker ratios, swelling and drug release of fabricated hydrogels decreases while gel fraction increases. Fabricated hydrogels exhibited biocompatibility with biological system as probed through acute oral toxicity study upon rabbits. Therefore, fabricated IPN could act as a potential controlled drug delivery system for 5-Fluorouracil. Keywords  Gelatin (GE) · Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) · Acrylic acid (AA) · Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) · Hydrogels · Colon target delivery · Controlled release · 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) * Fahad Pervaiz [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article

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Polymer Bulletin

Introduction Many problems are associated with conventional drug delivery system including plasma drug-level fluctuations and inability of therapeutic window maintenance. Science is utilizing novel-based drug delivery system (NDDS) to minimize all problems reported with usage of conventional drug delivery system [1]. Novel delivery systems provide numerous advantages over conventional dosage forms including patient compliance, convenience, better efficacy, targeted drug delivery, controlled drug release pattern and reduced toxicity [2, 3]. Novel polymer systems include liposomes, microparticles, nanoparticles, vesicles, micelles