Fabrication of Donut-Type Neural Electrode for Visual Information as Well as Surface Electrical Stimulation
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Fabrication of Donut‑Type Neural Electrode for Visual Information as Well as Surface Electrical Stimulation Dong‑Hyun Baek1,2 · Seungjoon Ahn1 · Ho Seob Kim1,2 · Dae Wook Kim1 Received: 17 July 2019 / Accepted: 3 June 2020 © Taiwanese Society of Biomedical Engineering 2020
Abstract Purpose A novel micro-electrocorticography (μ-ECoG) device was designed and its fabrication process was developed to demonstrate the possibility of electrical stimulation and observe visualized signals of activated neurons. Methods We designed a donut-type μ-ECoG electrode with a hole at the center of a micro-sized disk-type electrode. Further, we introduced a Pt electroplated nanostructure formation for 3 and 8 min on a gold electrode surface. We evaluated the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) that depend on the dimensions and Pt electroplating time of the fabricated μ-ECoG devices. Results The results confirmed that the electrochemical properties of the Pt electroplated donut-type electrode are similar to those of the conventionally used disk-type electrodes through the required electroplating time. Through the equivalent circuit model, EIS, and CV analysis, the donut-type μ-ECoG proved to have good electrochemical characteristics between the electrolyte and electrode surface. Conclusion The proposed μ-ECoG device is suitable for stimulation electrodes without cytotoxic materials and it simultaneously acquires optical information through the window. Keywords Neural electrode · Electrical stimulation · Electroplating · Optogenetic platform
1 Introduction Microelectromechanical system (MEMS) techniques have enabled the development of miniaturized biomedical devices for diagnosis and therapy. Currently, several types of neural electrodes have been developed, including silicon-based needle-type [1–3] and polymer-based film-type, which are designed to provide conformal contact on the curved surface of the brain [4–6]. Most electrocorticography (ECoG) electrodes for human use consist of large silver disks [7–9] and metal foil-based electrodes [10]. Clinically, subdural strip and grid electrodes [11–13], which are transparent, flexible, and multi-arrayed, are also widely used. Compared * Dong‑Hyun Baek [email protected] 1
Department of Display and Semiconductor Engineering, College of Engineering, Sun Moon University, 70, Sunmoon‑ro 221, Tangjeong‑myeon, Chungcheongnam‑do, Asan‑si 31460, Republic of Korea
Center for Next Generation Semiconductor Technology, Sun Moon University, Asan‑si, Republic of Korea
2
with ECoG devices, micro-electrocorticography (μ-ECoG) devices are designed to have smaller active electrodes to obtain biological data with high spatial and temporal resolution, and thus, are useful for studying neurological disorders. The μ-ECoG consists of a flat metal layer with relatively large impedance; therefore, it is prone to a limitation in the charge density that can be delivered through a reversible faradaic mechanism [14]. For μ-ECoG devices, various
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