Fabrication of Nano-Sized Tin Oxide Powder by Spray Pyrolysis Process
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1174-V09-31
Fabrication of Nano-Sized Tin Oxide Powder by Spray Pyrolysis Process
Jaekeun Yu, Jwayeon Kim and Jeoungsu Han Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Hoseo University, Asan 336-795, Korea
ABSTRACT By using tin chloride solution as the raw material, a nano-sized tin oxide powder with average particle size below 50 nm is generated by spray pyrolysis reaction. This study also examines the influences of the reaction parameters such as reaction temperature and the concentration of raw material solution on the powder properties. As the reaction temperature increases from 800 to 850 ℃, the average particle size of the generated powder increases from 20 nm to 30 nm. As the reaction temperature reaches 900 ℃, the droplets are composed of nanoparticles with average size of 30 nm, while the average size of individual particles increases remarkably up to 80~100 nm. When the tin concentration reaches 75 g/L, the average particle size of the powder is below 20 nm. When the tin concentration reaches 150 g/L, the droplets are composed of nano particles with average size around 30 nm, whereas the average size of independent particles increases up to 80~100 nm. When the concentration reaches 400 g/L, the droplets are composed of nano-particles with average size of 30 nm.
INTRODUCTION Spray pyrolysis reaction[1-7] is the method of manufacturing nano-sized metal oxide powder. In this reaction, chemical components are uniformly blended in the solution state so as to make a complex solution, which is in turn sprayed into a reaction furnace with a high temperature. In the furnace, spray pyrolysis reaction is accomplished instantly, and as a result, the ultra-fine metal oxide powder is formed. The purpose of this study is to develop a technology for the mass production of nano-sized tin oxide powder with uniform particle size and average particle size below 50 nm in a spray pyrolysis reaction device by using tin chloride solution as the raw material. This study also examines the influences of reaction parameters on the properties of the generated tin oxide powder. These parameters include the reaction temperature and the concentration of raw material solution.
EXPERIMENT In this study, a tin oxide powder with average particle size below 50 nm is manufactured from the tin chloride solution with the presence of tetravalent tin ions by using spray pyrolysis process. First, tin powder with purity above 99.9 % is dissolved into the hydrochloric acid
solution with concentration of 25 % until the concentration of tin constituent is adjusted to 400 g/L. A certain amount of ammonia is added in the solution so as to oxidize all the divalent tin ions into tetravalent ones. Then, the solution is filtered triply through filter paper, and the purified solution is utilized as the raw material of the spray pyrolysis process. The constituents of silicon dioxide, phosphorus, calcium, chromium and copper in this solution are below 100 ppm. This solution is diluted by distilled water so that the tin concentration of the solution is r
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