Fabrication of Transparent Electrodes with Silver Nanowires and PPT Gel for Organic Optoelectronic Devices
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Fabrication of Transparent Electrodes with Silver Nanowires and PPT Gel for Organic Optoelectronic Devices Ming-Chih Tsai1,2, Yu-Hsuan Chen1,3, Yu-Hsuan Ho1, Shang-Jung Yang1,3, Pei-Kuen Wei1,2,3 1 Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan 2 Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Beitou, Taipei 12221, Taiwan 3 Insititue of Optoelectronic Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Jhongjheng District, Keelung 20224, Taiwan ABSTRACT We have developed a low cost and convenient approach to fabricate ITO-comparable transparent electrodes by using solution process of silver nanowires mixed with poly peroxotitanic acid (PPT) gel. The PPT gel is applied to connect the dispersed silver nanowires to preserve its high conductivity while remaining transparency and reducing surface roughness of the transparent electrode. The silver nanowires were synthesized via a modified polyol method, and the PPT gels were prepared by sol-gel method in appropriate concentrations. After applying the PPT gels, the sheet resistance of the transparent electrodes was improved from 192 Ω/□ to 44.7 Ω/□ with a transmittance of 81 %. And the roughness (RMS) was decreased from 106.3 nm to 48.1 nm. The PPT gel also improved the reliability of the proposed electrodes, which the conductivity was remained after general atmospheric storage of 6 months. We also demonstrate an Alq3 based OLED with the proposed transparent electrodes. INTRODUCTION Transparent conducting thin films are among the most widely used in a variety of optoelectronic devices including displays, heaters, light-emitting diodes, photovoltaics, smart films, and touch panels [1]. High optical transparency electrodes such as indium tin oxide (ITO) have been applied as transparent electrodes for several decades. However, the expensive process for manufacturing and the scarcity of indium limited its long-term future. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new material to become the next generation transparent electrode. Recently, the scientists have been investigated several materials and structures to replace ITO, including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, metallic grid/mesh, silver nanowires (AgNWs) or thin metal films [2-11]. Among these candidates, AgNWs have been attracting greater interest due to their apparent electrical, optical and mechanical properties. AgNW films can be deposited on various substrates by solution process, which successfully achieve high performance, high throughput, low cost, and simplicity transparent electrode. Although AgNWs are considered as potential materials for transparent electrode, extra treatments are required due to the coating of capping agent on the surface of AgNWs and the gap between AgNWs. Several methods have been developed to fuse AgNWs into crossed AgNW networks, including acid vapor process, extra pressure treatment, thermal annealing, vacuum filtration, or formation of nanocomposites. In this study, we present solution processed composite electrodes by a simple treatment be
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