Face Recognition Across the Imaging Spectrum
This authoritative text/reference presents a comprehensive review of algorithms and techniques for face recognition (FR), with an emphasis on systems that can be reliably used in operational environments. Insights are provided by an international team of
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Face Recognition Across the Imaging Spectrum
Face Recognition Across the Imaging Spectrum
Thirimachos Bourlai Editor
Face Recognition Across the Imaging Spectrum
123
Editor Thirimachos Bourlai Multispectral Imagery Lab—MILab, LCSEE West Virginia University Morgantown, WV USA
ISBN 978-3-319-28499-6 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-28501-6
ISBN 978-3-319-28501-6
(eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2015959916 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 Chapters 1, 4 and 6 were created within the capacity of an US governmental employment. US copyright protection does not apply. This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by SpringerNature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland
Preface
Within the last two decades, we have noticed improvement in the performance of face recognition (FR) systems in controlled conditions, characterized by suitable lighting and favorable acquisition distances. However, over the years, the technology has steadily progressed to tackling increasingly more realistic conditions rather than adequately handling only well-controlled imagery. Most related research emphasizes the maintenance of high recognition performance, while coping with increased levels of image variability. Among the most insidious problems of visible-spectrum-based face recognition algorithms are (a) the variation in level and nature of illumination, (b) the fact that as the level of illumination decreases, the signal-to-noise ratio rises quickly, and thus, automatic processing and recognition become very difficult, and (c) dealing with degraded face images acquired at operational conditions, including nighttime and long stand-off distances. In order to address these issues, recent research has moved into the use of infrared (IR) imagery, namely intensified near infrared (NIR), shortwave IR (SWIR), middle wave IR (MWIR), and long wave IR (LWIR). Hence, in recent years, we
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