Facile Preparation of Ionic Liquid Functionalized Magnetic Nano-Solid Acid Catalysts for Acetalization Reaction
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Facile Preparation of Ionic Liquid Functionalized Magnetic Nano-Solid Acid Catalysts for Acetalization Reaction Ping Wang • AiGuo Kong • WenJuan Wang HaiYan Zhu • YongKui Shan
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Received: 13 November 2009 / Accepted: 11 January 2010 / Published online: 29 January 2010 Ó Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010
Abstract The facile two-step preparation procedure of a novel magnetic nano-solid acid catalyst is described, which includes grafting an ionic liquid onto Fe3O4 nanoparticles, followed by the sulfonation of phenyl groups in the ionic liquid. The catalytic performance of this novel material has been systematically studied in the acetal formation of benzaldehyde and ethylene glycol. The experimental results testify this catalyst possesses high catalytic activity with a yield of 97% under mild reaction conditions. Furthermore, the catalyst is readily separated using a permanent magnet and it is reusable without any significant decrease in catalytic activity. Keywords Magnetism Solid acid catalyst Nanoparticle Ionic liquid Functionalization
1 Introduction Homogenous acid catalysts including corrosive protic acids [1, 2], Lewis acids such as AlCl3, FeCl3 [3, 4] are widely applied in the large-scale synthesis of industrial bulk chemicals as well as the production of fine chemicals. However, it is urgent to replacing highly corrosive, hazardous and polluting acid catalysts with eco-friendly and renewable solid acid catalysts for meeting green chemistry demands, which may be a challenge of green chemistry and green engineering [5, 6]. Recently, the facile recovery and reuse of homogeneous catalysts by covalent tethering to heterogeneous support are extensively investigated, which become an important field of catalytic research [7, 8]. Nanoparticles as P. Wang A. Kong W. Wang H. Zhu Y. Shan (&) Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, 200062 Shanghai, People’s Republic of China e-mail: [email protected]
heterogeneous catalyst supports have received increasing attention because when the diameter of the particles decreases to the nanometer scale, ample external surface area emerged, which allows a high dispersion of the active species and provides a large amount of the active and accessible centers [9]. Moreover, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) offer an added advantage of the separation and eliminate the filtration step for recycling catalyst after completion of the reaction [10]. However, nano-scale magnetic solid acid materials were few reported although MNPs-supported basic ionic liquids [11], amino group [12], composite hydroxide materials [13] had been prepared. Recently, several different sulfonic acids grafted onto silica-coated magnetic nanoparticle supports were reported by Jones and coworkers [14], and the synthesis of these catalysts was more complex and expensive. It is still attractive to prepare efficient magnetic solid acid catalysts using the cheap raw material and simple method in the synthetic chemistry. Herein, we have prepared a magnetic nano-solid acid catalyst
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