Facile preparation of superhydrophobic and superoleophilic sponge for fast removal of oils from water surface
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e removal of oil spills or oily organic solvents from water surface is a great technological challenge for environmental protection. Here, a facile method to prepare superhydrophobic and superoleophilic sponge for fast and selective removal of oils from water surface has been reported. The as-prepared sponge exhibited superhydrophobic property with the water contact angle around 165°, which can be used for the absorption of oil spills or oily organic solvents. Furthermore, the resultant sponge showed good durability toward temperature. This fabrication technique is easy to grasp and to be extended. So we believe that this new functionalized sponge could be realized for the large-scale commercialized production. I. INTRODUCTION
As industrialization processes speed up and as demands for energy grow worldwide, oil spills have become a global problem.1,2 Consequently, collecting oil spills from water surface is a challenging task, which has attracted worldwide attention.3,4 The conventional methods used to solve these problems include collection of oil from the water surface, mixing of oil with water using dispersing agents to facilitate natural degradation, and in situ burning of the oil spills.5,6 For the above mentioned methods have been exposed many deficiencies in the course of using induce low oil absorption rate and causing a secondary pollution. Nowadays, for the removal of oil from waters, using absorbent materials is generally considered to be one of the most efficient and facile way because of their special wettability.7,8 Although widely applied in practical applications, these absorbent materials still have limitations such as environmental incompatibility, low absorption capacity, poor recyclability, and so on. In particular, these materials absorb not only oils but also water, which reduces the separation selectivity and efficiency.9,10 Therefore, new absorbent materials mainly include foam materials combined with high absorption capacity, efficiency, low cost, excellent recyclability, and environmental friendliness, which are important for the development of advanced oil/water separation technology. Recently, with the development of nanotechnology, traditional sponge can be endowed with superhydrophobic and superoleophilic properties applied for oil/water separation. According to the previous reports,11–13 superhya)
Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2012.410 J. Mater. Res., Vol. 28, No. 4, Feb 28, 2013
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drophobic/superoleophilic sponges could be prepared by metal deposition and followed by deposition of carbon chain thiols. For enhancing the surface forces between nanoparticles and sponge surface, the sponge needs to be treated with etching solution containing CrO3 and concentrated H2SO4.11–13 However, these processes can cause a secondary pollution. Due to the surface energy of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) particles close to that of organic solvents,14,15 they could be affined easily. Therefo
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