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ORIGINAL PAPER

Facile synthesis and assessment of 2‑alkoxy‑4‑(4‑hydroxyphenyl)‑6‑arylnicotinonitrile derivatives as new inhibitors for C1018‑steel corrosion in HCl: a combined theoretical and experimental investigation Mounir A. A. Mohamed1 · Antar A. Abdelhamid2,3 · Hany M. Abd El‑Lateef4,5   · Amr H. Moustafa2 Received: 16 June 2020 / Accepted: 2 October 2020 © Iranian Chemical Society 2020

Abstract  An effective and accessible synthesis of alkoxy arylnicotinonitriles was achieved via a four-component reaction of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, acetophenones, and malononitrile in the presence of sodium alkoxide. The synthesized alkoxy arylnicotinonitrile derivatives containing pyridine moiety were predestined as inhibitors for C1018-steel (CS) corrosion in 1.0 M HCl using Tafel polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy methods in the temperature range of 20–50 °C. Tafel polarization plots were demonstrated that the arylnicotinonitriles behave as typical inhibitors of the mixed type. They have also suppressed the CS corrosion at a lower inhibitor concentration and accomplished an inhibition capacity ranged from 87.6 to 98.2% in 0.7 mM. Their adsorption on the CS interface follows the isotherm model of Langmuir, and they include both chemisorption and physisorption mechanisms, with a preference of chemisorption. The morphology of the CS surface was examined utilizing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and field-emission scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, density functional theory calculations confirm the empirical findings and the adsorption of arylnicotinonitrile derivatives on the CS interface. Graphic abstract

Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (https​://doi.org/10.1007/s1373​8-020-02083​-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Extended author information available on the last page of the article

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Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society

Keywords  Arylnicotinonitrile derivatives · One-pot syntheses · Corrosion inhibition · Surface morphology · DFT calculations · EIS

Introduction Due to its favorable mechanical properties, manufacturing facility, availability, and economic calculations, carbon steel (CS) fabrication is a preferred material in many processing applications, including petroleum refining, production, construction, chemical processing, and mineral processing equipment [1–4]. Nevertheless, CS has defects in the corrosion resistance required in a corrosive acid medium and may cause gross damage if used without protection. Among the corrosive environments, the excessive use of hydrochloric acid to get rid of iron oxide and rust in industrial processing, including oil well acidification, acid deposition, steel purification, boiler pipeline purification, ore processing, and petroleum processes at temperatures of ~ 50–60 °C  [5, 6]. One of the generally considerable processes for CS protection from corrosion is by applying the inhibitor compounds, which are closely utilized to extenuate metal

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