Facile synthesis of Fe 3 O 4 /CuO a core-shell heterostructure for the enhancement of photocatalytic activity under visi
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Facile synthesis of Fe3O4/CuO a core-shell heterostructure for the enhancement of photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation Khaled Benabbas 1 & Nassira Zabat 1 & Imene Hocini 1 Received: 25 February 2020 / Accepted: 6 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A magnetically separable Fe3O4/CuO core-shell heterostructure photocatalyst was synthesized by hydrothermal method. The obtained photocatalyst was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and UV-visible diffuse reflectance (UV-DRS). The obtained photocatalyst was used for the degradation of azo dye Direct Red 89 (DR89), under visible light irradiation provided by fluorescent lamp of 100 W in the presence of 7 mL of H2O2 (30%); the results of the photocatalytic activity for Fe3O4/CuO photocatalyst showed that in the presence of 0.75 g dispersed in 250 mL of 40 mg/L of DR89 dye at pH 6 the dye was completely removed after 240 min. Moreover, the photocatalytic activity of the prepared Fe3O4/CuO was enhanced 11 and 9 times compared with the pure Fe3O4 or CuO. The effect of initial dye concentrations on the photocatalytic activity was studied in the range of 20–60 mg/L, and the results showed that the catalyst has a good photocatalytic activity of 89% even at high concentration (60 mg/L). Furthermore, the catalyst maintained its activity after 5 cycles, and its paramagnetic property facilitates its recovery. The excellent photodegradation activity of Fe3O4/CuO was attributed to the low band gap of the catalyst equal to 1.54 eV and the enhancement of light absorption in visible range of 330–780 nm, but also to a better charge carriers separation, due to the presence of Fe3O4 that reduces electron/hole recombination. Keywords Visible light photocatalysis . Magnetic photocatalyst . Core-shell heterostructure . Dye degradation, . Green synthesis of a stable photocatalyst
Introduction Water pollution has become an important problem in an era of urbanization, industrialization, and climate change. The main groups of environmental pollutants commonly encountered are metal ions, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, aromatic compounds, and organic dyes (Adegoke and Bello 2015). Among them, organic dyes are extensively used in many industries such as paper, plastics, tanneries, paint, and textile
Responsible editor: Sami Rtimi * Khaled Benabbas [email protected] 1
Laboratory of Organic Synthesis-Modeling and Optimization of Chemical Processes, Badji Mokhtar University, P.O. Box 12, 23000 Annaba, Algeria
which resulted in a daily release of large amounts of colored effluents (Gong et al. 2017). Organic dyes have low biodegradability and are resistant to heat and chemical reagent. Additionally, most of them are considered as mutagenic and carcinogenic components. Their presence in water can also affect the aquatic l
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