Failure Investigation of Rear Axle Taper Roller Bearing by Using the Vibration Spectrum
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CASE HISTORY—PEER-REVIEWED
Failure Investigation of Rear Axle Taper Roller Bearing by Using the Vibration Spectrum Junaid Ali . Deepak Borse
Submitted: 26 January 2020 Ó ASM International 2020
Abstract Prevention of the occurrence of field failures of taper roller bearings under high-load and moderate-speed application is the prime challenge for bearing manufacturers. Failures result from numerous defects in bearing, such as localized or distributed defects. Various controls have been aligned in the manufacturing process to prevent outflow of defective bearings to end-application. However, still a part in million skips the controls in process and gets assembled in final application. In this literature, experiments are conducted to study the effect of grinding defect on cone track surface of taper roller bearing using the vibration spectrum, due to its peculiar unidentifiable nature in regular manufacturing process. Vibration analysis techniques are discussed in this case study. Statistical and spectrum analysis results are shared and concluded at the end of this case study. Keywords Rolling element bearing Failure analysis Vibration Manufacturing defects List of Symbols Z Number of rollers DRO Roller diameter DP Pitch circle diameter a Contact angle Abbreviations BPFI Ball pass frequency of inner race BPFO Ball pass frequency of outer race BSF Ball spin frequency J. Ali D. Borse (&) National Engineering Industries Ltd, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India e-mail: [email protected] J. Ali e-mail: [email protected]
FTF RPM
Fundamental train frequency Rotation per minute of shaft
Introduction Historically, various researchers have made the contribution in vibration analysis of rolling element bearings using numerous methodologies such as time-domain and frequency-domain analysis techniques to identify incipient defects on the surface of rolling element bearing. Before the occurrence of failure, there are various methodologies available for fault diagnosis of rolling element bearing, such as time-domain analysis, frequency-domain analysis, time–frequency-domain analysis and many others [1]. Time-domain analysis is basically a statistical analysis of parameters, i.e., RMS, crest factor (ratio of peak and RMS of acceleration), kurtosis of the time-domain waveform. As per ISO 15242, Part 1 crest factor of a waveform should be less than 3. If the crest factor is more than 3, then it suggests that the signal consists of a number of peaks. A lower value of the crest factor represents good health of bearing. However, in this study, we have demonstrated that with the increase in the severity of incipient defects on the bearing surface, the value of crest factor becomes equal to that of good bearing because with the increase in defect severity the RMS value decreases which randomizes the overall crest factor. Similarly, as per ISO 15242, for Part 1 the value of kurtosis should be less than 3 for good bearing and if the value is higher than 3, then it suggests that some defect must be present in the bearing. L
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