Family and Entrepreneurship: New Empirical and Theoretical Results
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EDITORIAL
Family and Entrepreneurship: New Empirical and Theoretical Results José Alberto Molina1,2
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract From the previous evidence, usually mixed, on the relationship between family variables and entrepreneurship, this Special Issue provides new results from around the world, which contribute to a better knowledge of the determinants behind the entrepreneurship decisions of individuals and families and, consequently, of the mechanisms through which the flexibility of self-employment is more compatible with family responsibilities, with respect to paid work. It is in this context that this Special Issue presents five empirical examples that show connections between the gender variable in the family and the entrepreneurial decision, with important evidence for China, the US, Southern Africa, Latin America, and Poland. This Special Issue also provides a theoretical framework to understand the process of succession in family firms. In addition to these specific issues on entrepreneurship and self-employment, this Special Issue also includes other labor topics related to family variables, such as occupational gender segregation, maternal employment, mothers’ work, family conflict, and job insecurity. Keywords Family · Entrepreneurship · Socio-economics JEL Classification H24 · J61 · R23 All that is valuable in human society depends upon the oportunity for development accorded to the individual Albert Einstein.
Throughout recent decades, the world has experienced demographic shifts, with these implying changes in the variables that show how individuals and families relate to labor markets and, specifically, to entrepreneurship and/or self-employment. Motivations for establishing a business are complex and, despite that the autonomy of the individual is the most important motivator, other family factors are also recognized as important indicators. In fact, it is well-known that businesses created by autonomous, family-motivated entrepreneurs have a higher chance of survival. This contribution has benefited from funding from the “Cátedra Emprender” (Fundación Emprender en Aragón). * José Alberto Molina [email protected] 1
University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
IZA, Bonn, Germany
2
The list of variables related to the family (with a list of recent references corresponding to the last decade) include, among others, gender (Noseleit 2014; Roche 2014; Rosen 2014; Patrick et al. 2016; Joona 2017), age (Liang et al. 2018; Velilla et al. 2018), marital status (Saridakis et al. 2018), parenthood (Giménez-Nadal et al 2012; Broussard 2015; Boniface 2019; Lim 2019) and family income (Molina et al 2016). This literature has shown that the relation of entrepreneurship to age is an inverted-U shape, with this shape usually arising from the motivation of necessity. However, when considering the motivation from opportunity, results usually vary. Young entrepreneurs are particularly likely to start a business driven by opportunity motives at the beg
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