Farming Human Pathogens Ecological Resilience and Evolutionary Proce
Farming Human Pathogens: Ecological Resilience and Evolutionary Process introduces a cutting-edge formalism based on the asymptotic limit theorems of information theory to describe how punctuated shifts in mesoscale ecosystems can entrain patterns of
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Farming Human Pathogens Ecological Resilience and Evolutionary Process
Farming Human Pathogens
Rodrick Wallace · Deborah Wallace · Robert G. Wallace
Farming Human Pathogens Ecological Resilience and Evolutionary Process
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Rodrick Wallace New York State Psychiatric Institute Division of Epidemiology Research Department 1051 Riverside Dr. New York NY 10032 USA [email protected]
Deborah Wallace 549 West 123rd Street New York NY 10032 Apt. 16F USA [email protected]
Robert G. Wallace Department of Geography University of Minnesota 3340 16th Avenue South Minneapolis MN 55407 USA [email protected]
ISBN 978-0-387-92212-6 e-ISBN 978-0-387-92213-3 DOI 10.1007/978-0-387-92213-3 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2009927016
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2009 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface Disease interventions, at both the individual and population levels, are, with a few bright exceptions, faltering. Vaccines, pharmaceuticals, and lowtech solutions, such as bed nets and water filters, while successful in addressing many reductionist diseases, cannot contain pathogens that use interactions at one level of biocultural organization to evolve out from underneath interventions directed at them at another. Such holistic diseases, operating across fluctuating swaths of space and time, infect and kill millions annually. HIV, tuberculosis, malaria, and influenza, among others, confound even the most concerted efforts. Virologists, epidemiologists, evolutionary ecologists, population health geographers, drug designers, and public health officials must return to basic principles. Lab, field, and statistical apparatuses, powered now by industrial computing, appear inadequate to the task of rolling back many scourges old and newly emergent. New ways of thinking about basic biology, evolution, and scientific practice are in order. In a world in which viruses and bacteria evolve in response to humanity’s multifaceted infrastructure – agricultural, transportation, pharmaceutical, public health, scientific, political – our epistemological and epidemiological intractabilities may be in fundamental ways one and the same. Some pathogens evolve into population states in wh
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