Fast detection of Perkinsus marinus, a prevalent pathogen of oysters and clams from sea waters
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1202-I09-10
Fast detection of Perkinsus marinus, a prevalent pathogen of oysters and clams from sea waters Yu-Lin Wang1, B. H. Chu2, K. H. Chen2, C.Y. Chang2, T. P. Lele2, G. Papadi3, J. K. Coleman3, B. J. Sheppard3, C. F. Dungan4, S. J. Pearton1, J.W. Johnson5, P. Rajagopal5, J.C. Roberts5, E.L. Piner5, K.J. Linthicum5 and F. Ren2 1
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, 3 Department of Infectious Diseases & Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 4 Cooperative Oxford Laboratory, Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Oxford, MD 21654 2
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Nitronex Corporation, Raleigh, NC 27606
ABSTRACT Antibody-functionalized, Au-gated AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) were used to detect Perkinsus marinus. The antibody was anchored to the gate area through immobilized thioglycolic acid. The AlGaN/GaN HEMT were grown by a molecular beam epitaxy system (MBE) on sapphire substrates. Infected sea waters were taken from the tanks in which Tridacna crocea infected with P. marinus were living and dead. The AlGaN/GaN HEMT showed a rapid response of drain-source current in less than 5 seconds when the infected sea waters were added to the antibody-immobilized surface. The recyclability of the sensors with wash buffers between measurements was also explored. These results clearly demonstrate the promise of field-deployable electronic biological sensors based on AlGaN/GaN HEMTs for Perkinsus marinus detection. INTRODUCTION Perkinsus marinus (P. marinus), a protozoan pathogen of the oyster, is highly prevalent along the east coast of the United States. Perkinsus species (Perkinsozoa, Alveolata) are the causative agents of perkinsosis in a variety of mollusc species. Perkinsus species infections cause widespread mortality in both natural and farm-raised oyster populations, resulting in severe economic losses for the shellfish industry and detrimental effects on the environment [1-5]. Currently, the standard diagnostic method for Perkinsus species infections has been fluid thioglycollate medium (FTM) assay detection [6]. However, this method of detection requires several days. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based technique is also used to diagnose Perkinsus, but it is quite expensive and time-consuming, and requires exquisite controls to assure specificity and accuracy [7]. Clearly, such methods are slow and impractical in this age of global trade that requires rapid detection of such pathogens. AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) have shown promise for biosensing applications [8-22], since they include a high electron sheet carrier concentration channel induced by piezoelectric polarization of the strained AlGaN layer and spontaneous polarization [23-25]. There are positive counter charges at the HEMT surface layer induced by the twodimensional electron gas (2DEG) located at the AlGaN/GaN interface. Any slight changes in the
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