Fatigue of Beta Processed and Beta Heat-treated Titanium Alloys
This publication reviews most of the available literature on the fatigue properties of β annealed Ti-6Al-4V and titanium alloys with similar microstructures. The focus is on β processed and β heat-treated alloys because β annealed Ti-6Al-4V has been selec
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Russell Wanhill Simon Barter •
Fatigue of Beta Processed and Beta Heat-treated Titanium Alloys
123
Russell Wanhill National Aerospace Laboratory NLR Aerospace Vehicles Division PO Box 153 8300 AD, Emmeloord The Netherlands e-mail: [email protected]
ISSN 2191-530X ISBN 978-94-007-2523-2 DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-2524-9
Simon Barter Air Vehicles Division DSTO Defence Science and Technology Organisation 506 Lorimer St, Fishermans Bend Melbourne, VIC 3207 Australia e-mail: [email protected]
e-ISSN 2191-5318 e-ISBN 978-94-007-2524-9
Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2011937172 Ó The Author(s) 2012 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Abstract This Springer Brief reviews most of the available literature on the fatigue properties of beta (b) annealed Ti-6Al-4V and titanium alloys with similar microstructures. The emphasis is on beta processed and beta heat-treated titanium alloys, because beta annealed Ti-6Al-4V Extra Low Interstitial thick plate has been selected for highly loaded and fatigue critical structures in advanced high-performance aircraft that are currently intended to enter service with several Air Forces around the world. The main topics in this review are the fatigue initiation mechanisms, fatigue initiation lives, and short-to-long (or small-to-large) fatigue crack growth in beta processed and beta heat-treated titanium alloys. However, some comparisons are made with alloys having different microstructures, in particular conventionally alpha + beta (a + b) processed and heat-treated Ti-6Al-4V.
Keywords Titanium alloys Fatigue crack growth Damage tolerance Durability
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Contents
1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 Survey of Fatigue Life Assessment Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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2
Metallurgy and Microstructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 The General Metallurgy of Titanium Alloys . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Conventional Thermomechanical Processing of Alloys Like Ti-6Al-4V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 b Processing and/or b Heat-treatment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 Crystallography of the b?a Phase Transition . . . . . . . . . 2.5 Microstructure of b Annealed Ti-6Al-4V ELI Thick Plate References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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