Fault Location on Power Networks
Electric power systems will always be exposed to the failure of their components. When a fault occurs on a line, it is crucial for the fault location to be identified as accurately as possible, allowing the damage caused by the fault to be repaired quickl
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Murari Mohan Saha • Jan Izykowski Eugeniusz Rosolowski
Fault Location on Power Networks
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Murari Mohan Saha, Dr. Värmlandsvägen 11 SE-722 44 Västerås Sweden [email protected]
Jan Izykowski, Prof. Eugeniusz Rosolowski, Prof. Wroclaw University of Technology Faculty of Electrical Engineering Wybrzeze S. Wyspianskiego 27 50-370 Wroclaw Poland [email protected] [email protected]
ISSN 1612-1287 e-ISSN 1860-4676 ISBN 978-1-84882-885-8 e-ISBN 978-1-84882-886-5 DOI 10.1007/978-1-84882-886-5 Springer London Dordrecht Heidelberg New York British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Control Number: 2009940568 © Springer-Verlag London Limited 2010 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. Cover design: deblik, Berlin, Germany Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
Electric power systems, which are growing in size and complexity, will be always exposed to failures of their components. In the case of a failure, the faulty element should be disconnected from the rest of the sound system in order to minimize the damage of the faulty element and to remove the emergency situation for the entire system. This action should be taken fast and accurately and is accomplished by a set of automatic protective relaying devices. At the same time, when a fault occurs on a line (distribution or transmission), it is very important for the utility to identify the fault location as quickly as possible for improving the service reliability. If a fault location cannot be identified quickly and this produces prolonged line outage during a period of peak load, severe economic losses may occur and reliability of service may be questioned. All these circumstances have raised the great importance of fault-location research studies and thus the problem has attracted widespread attention among researchers in power-system technology in recent years. Basic algorithms used in fault locators are intended to make distance to fault calculat
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