FC Portugal Team Description: RoboCup 2000 Simulation League Champion
FC Portugal is the result of a cooperation project between the Universities of Aveiro and Porto in Portugal. The project started in February 2000 and only three months later, in Amsterdam, FC Portugal became the first European Champion of RoboCup scoring
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LIACC – Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science Lab., University of Porto, Portugal 2 DET – Electronics and Telecommunications Department, University of Aveiro, Portugal http://www.ieeta.pt/robocup
Abstract. FC Portugal is the result of a cooperation project between the Universities of Aveiro and Porto in Portugal. The project started in February 2000 and only three months later, in Amsterdam, FC Portugal became the first European Champion of RoboCup scoring a total of 86 goals without conceding a single goal. Three months later, in Melbourne, FC Portugal became RoboCup Simulation League World Champion scoring 94 goals, again without conceding any goal. This paper briefly describes some of the most relevant research developments and innovations that lead to FC Portugal team success.
1 Introduction Soccer is a very complex game, both very animated to play and exciting to watch. The soccer server simulator [2], although being a 2D simplified soccer simulation, manages to keep most of this complexity, animation and excitement. Because of this, we argue that, in the simulation league on RoboCup, to be successful and win, a team must be able to play like a real soccer team. Thus, FC Portugal project was conceived as an effort to create intelligent players, capable of thinking like real soccer players and behave like a real soccer team. Expertise from real soccer experts (players, fans and coaches) was gathered and adapted to the specificities of this 2D simulation before creating a team strategy and agent architecture capable of supporting real soccer reasoning. CMUnited99 publicly available low-level source code [7] was used as a starting point for FC Portugal. This saved a huge amount of time in the beginning of the project and enabled our initial research to be mainly focused on multi-agent cooperation and communication issues while concentrating on some low-level details later on. FC Portugal introduces several research innovations in RoboCup: • • • • • • • • • •
Flexible team strategy composed by tactics, formations (used inside tactics) and player types to be used in different game situations; Extensive use of the concept of player type defined at three different behaviors levels (strategic, ball possession and ball recovery); Distinction between strategic and active situations; Situation based strategic positioning mechanism; Dynamic positioning and role (player type) exchange mechanism based on utility functions; Intelligent communication based on teammate modeling and on a communicated world state; Intelligent perception through a strategic looking mechanism based on utility functions; Integration of soccer knowledge in the positioning, ball possession and ball recovery modules; Very strong kick based on online optimization; An intelligent goal keeping strategy for 2D soccer;
P. Stone, T. Balch, and G. Kraetzschmar (Eds.): RoboCup 2000, LNAI 2019, pp. 29-40, 2001. c Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2001
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Lu´is Paulo Reis and Nuno Lau Marking techniques based on teammate modeling; An agen
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