Feasibility of using ferrocement and GFRP for strengthening bearing walls with openings
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(2020) 5:5
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Feasibility of using ferrocement and GFRP for strengthening bearing walls with openings Tamer I. Ahmed1 · Mohamed R. Afify2 Received: 21 July 2019 / Accepted: 8 December 2019 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019
Abstract Residential buildings that have been built using bearing walls may require making new openings in order to fulfill the functional requirements that can minimize the capacity of walls, motivating a need for strengthening. The objective of this research is to study the feasibility of using glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) and thin Ferrocement layer to strengthen bearing walls with openings to resist extreme loads. A total of eleven walls samples were built from drilled clay bricks with same dimensions, breadth (1000 mm), thickness (120 mm), and length (800 mm). Three walls were considered as control test specimens, the first of them was plain wall and the other two were with openings but without strengthening. The opening sizes were 300 × 300 mm and 300 × 500 mm. Eight walls were built with cut out openings and strengthened with GFRP and Ferrocement. All samples were loaded by axial compression load on the whole width of the wall. First crack load, ultimate load and modes of failures were obtained. The test results clearly demonstrated that the efficiency of using GFRP and Ferrocement as repairing and strengthening advanced methods for bearing walls with openings. The proposed methods delayed the appearance of initial crack, which enhanced bearing wall stiffness and increased the ultimate load capacity by average percentage of 17.5% comparing to walls without strengthening. Keywords Bearing walls · Openings · Strengthening · GFRP · Ferrocement
1 Introduction Upgrading existing building to meet the requirements for architectural or functional reasons may need to make openings in walls. On the other side, strength and stiffness of the walls will be reduced and stress condensation can be easy to appear on the borders of opening, which will cause cracks at an earlier period of loading procedure and affect using functions [1]. Thus it is important that the action of walls with openings is extensively understood. This demands an understanding of the influence of opening parameters such as shape, dimensions and type of the failure characteristics of load bearing walls. A number of studies and laboratory testing were accomplished on walls with different openings * Tamer I. Ahmed [email protected] 1
Department of Civil Engineering, Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology in Kafr-Elsheikh, Kafr‑Elsheikh, Egypt
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Menofia University, Shibīn Al‑Kawm, Egypt
2
[2, 3]. Etman et al. [4] showed that the increase in the opening size decreases the overall stiffness and reduced the strain capacity of the wall loading to earlier failure. Brick walls with small and large openings were analyzed by Mousa and Aly [5]. Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) is a new type of civil engineering, construction materials after
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