Fertility Control

The world’s population is growing at an unsustainable rate. From a baseline ?gure of one billion in 1800, global population is predicted to exceed nine billion by 2050 and 87. 8% of this growth will be localized in less developed countries. Such uneven po

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Volume 198

Editor-in-Chief F.B. Hofmann, München Editorial Board J.A. Beavo, Seattle, WA A. Busch, Berlin D. Ganten, Berlin J.-A. Karlsson, Singapore M.C. Michel, Amsterdam C.P. Page, London W. Rosenthal, Berlin

For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/164

.

Ursula-F. Habenicht

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R. John Aitken

Editors

Fertility Control

Editors Ursula-F. Habenicht Bayer Schering Pharma AG Women’s Health Care - Research 13342 Berlin Germany [email protected]

R. John Aitken University of Newcastle ARC Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology & Development 2308 Callaghan New South Wales Australia [email protected]

ISSN 0171-2004 e-ISSN 1865-0325 ISBN 978-3-642-02061-2 e-ISBN 978-3-642-02062-9 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-02062-9 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2010932937 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: SPi Publisher Services Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Preface

The world’s population is growing at an unsustainable rate. From a baseline figure of one billion in 1800, global population is predicted to exceed nine billion by 2050 and 87.8% of this growth will be localized in less developed countries. Such uneven population growth will yield a harvest of poverty, malnutrition, disease and environmental degradation that will affect us all. Amongst the complex mixture of political, social, cultural and technological changes needed to address this issue, the development of improved methods of fertility regulation will be critical. The inadequacy of current contraceptive technologies is indicated by recent data suggesting that the contraceptive needs of over 120 million couples go unmet every year. As a direct consequence of this deficit 38% of pregnancies are unplanned and more than 50% end in an abortion, generating a total of 46 million abortions per annum particularly among teenagers. If safe, effective contraceptives were available to every couple experiencing an unmet family planning need, 1.5 million lives would be saved each year (UNFPA 2003). Progress in contraceptive technology should not only generate more eff