Fifty-year study of grain-boundary relaxation
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Fifty-Year Study of Grain-Boundary Relaxation
ˆ T.S. KE (GE TINGSUI) ROBERT F. MEHL AWARD MEDALIST
The present report attempts to make a historical review of the progress of the study of grain-boundary relaxation since 1947 to the present time. The outcomes of scientific experiments are gathered mainly from the measurements of internal friction and the accompanying anelastic effects in polycrystalline and bicrystal metals. Emphasis is placed on the information provided about the structure of the grain boundary, especially at elevated temperatures. The study was started with the confirmation of the viscous behavior of grain boundary in polycrystalline specimens, and a macroscopic viscous sliding model of grain-boundary relaxation was suggested. Analysis on the data concerning the activation energy associated with grain-boundary relaxation pointed out that the grain-boundary relaxation is correlated to an atomic diffusion process. Thus, the models of periodic grain-boundary structure consisting of “good” and “bad” regions were suggested.
The Institute of Metals Lecture and Robert Franklin Mehl Award is presented for leadership in the field of materials science and applications. This honor recognizes an outstanding scientific leader by inviting him or her to present a lecture, at the Society’s Annual Meeting, on a technical subject of particular interest to members in the materials science and application of metals program areas. ˆ Professor T.S. Ke (GE Tingsui) is Research Professor and Honorary Director of the Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China, and Senior Member of Chinese Academy of Sciences. He was born in Penglai, Shandong, China, in 1913 and studied at Tsing Hua University. Peiping, China (B.S., 1937), Yenching University, Peiping, China (M.S., 1940), and the University of California, Berkeley, CA, (Ph.D. in Physics, 1943). He was Staff Member at the Spectroscopy Laboratory and the Radiation Laboratory of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, in 1943–45, Research Associate at the Institute for the Study of Metals, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, in 1945–49. He returned to China in 1949 and was appointed Professor of Physics at Tsing Hua University and concurrently Research Professor at the Institute of Applied Physics, Academia Sinica, in 1949–52. In 1952, he moved to Shenyang, China, to serve as Research Professor and then the Deputy Director of the newly established Institute of Metal Research, Academia Sinica, and since 1980, METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A
he was appointed Deputy Director of the Hefei Affiliate of Academia Sinica and Director of the newly organized Institute of Solid State Physics and Director of the Laboratory of Internal Friction and Defects in Solids, Hefei, Academia Sinica. In the meantime, he has been invited to be ¨ Visiting Professor of Max-Planck Institut fu r Metallforschung, Institut ¨ fu r Physik, Stuttgart, Germany (1979–80), and Guest Professor of INSA de Lyon (1980–81). ˆ Professor Ke
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