Financial Burdens and Disability-Adjusted Life Years in Echinococcosis
Human echinococcosis is a severe zoonotic parasitic disease which can be fatal if left untreated. Two forms of the disease exist, namely cystic echinococcosis (CE) caused by Echinococcus granulosus and alveolar echinococcosis (AE) caused by E. multilocu
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Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1374
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Human Clinical Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1376
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Economic Effects of Echinococcosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1378
4 4.1 4.2 4.3
Calculating the DALY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1381 Disability Weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1381 Years Lived with Disability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1381 Survival Analysis and AE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1383
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Modeling Uncertainty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1384
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The Global Burden of Echinococcosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1386
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Concluding Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1387 Summary Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1387 Key Facts About Echinococcosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1388
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Springer Science+Business Media LLC 2010 (USA)
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Financial Burdens and Disability-Adjusted Life Years in Echinococcosis
Abstract: Human echinococcosis is a severe zoonotic parasitic disease which can be fatal if left untreated. Two forms of the disease exist, namely > cystic echinococcosis (CE) caused by Echinococcus granulosus and > alveolar echinococcosis (AE) caused by E. multilocularis have a widespread distribution. Both forms of the disease are characterized by slow-growing, spaceoccupying lesions which most commonly occur in the liver with clinical features similar to those of a tumor. The disease results in financial burdens due to the direct costs of treatment and indirect costs due to morbidity effects such as decreased employment. Although this review primarily targets human disease, CE also has significant animal health costs which can add to the overall burden of disease in society. Most of the burden of disease occurs in lower income countries. A number of studies have demonstrated that both the financial costs of the disease and the burden of disease in terms of DALYs are substantial in endemic areas and in a few communities, such as pastoralists in Tibet, echinococcosis can be amongst the highest contribution to total
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