Fine structure and the early stages of tempering in the martensite of an Fe-1.22 C alloy
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Fine Structure and the Early Stages of Tempering in the Martensite of an Fe-122 C Alloy GEORGE KRAUSS AND THOMAS A. B A L L I E T T The e a r l y s t a g e s of t e m p e r i n g of m a r t e n s i t i c F e - C alloys continue to offer challenging q u e s t i o n s within the f r a m e w o r k e s t a b l i s h e d by Cohen and his c o w o r k e r s . ~-3 The f r a m e w o r k e m p h a s i z e s c a r b i d e t~,pe and, b r i e f l y , c o n s i s t s of the following s e q u e n c e ; e p s i l o n carbide formation, retained austenite transformation, and finally c e m e n t i t e f o r m a t i o n . A p p r o x i m a t e l y 0.25 wt pet C is c o n s i d e r e d to r e m a i n in solid s o l u t i o n in the m a r t e n s i t e in a s s o c i a t i o n with the epsilon c a r b i d e d u r i n g the f i r s t stage. Recently, an X - r a y d i f f r a c t i o n study 4 of t e m p e r e d F e - 1 8 Ni-C m a r t e n s i t e has shown that a m a r k e d a s y m m e t r i c b r o a d e n i n g in the 002 m a r t e n s i t e peak p e r s i s t s a f t e r b r i e f t e m p e r i n g up to 500~ and m e t a l t o g r a p h i c e v i d e n c e in a n F e - 1 . 2 2 C alloy was p r e s e n t e d s showing that etching a n o m a l i e s , i . e . , the c o e x i s t e n c e of light and d a r k etching pIates and a m i c r o s c o p i c a l l y o b s e r v a b l e p l a s t i c flow within the m a r t e n s i t e p l a t e s , o c c u r d u r i n g the e a r l y s t a g e s of t e m p e r i n g . F u r t h e r , a l i t e r a t u r e 6'7 has developed about s t r a i n t e m p e r i n g w h e r e the concept, f i r s t advanced by D. V. Wilson, 8 c o n c e r n i n g the d i s s o l u t i o n of c a r b i d e s to the d i s l o c a t i o n s in a heavily d e f o r m e d GEORGE KRAUSS is AMAX Foundation Professor, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401. THOMASA. BALLIETTis Engineer, Re-entry and Environmental Systems Division,General Electric Co.,
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