First observation of a Hydrolagus melanophasma (Chondrichthyes, Chimaeriformes, Holocephali) aggregation with egg cases
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OCEANARIUM
First observation of a Hydrolagus melanophasma (Chondrichthyes, Chimaeriformes, Holocephali) aggregation with egg cases extruding from a female Jonatha Giddens 1 Alan Turchik 1
&
Pelayo Salinas-de-León 2,3 & Alan Friedlander 2,4 & David A. Ebert 5,6 & Brad Henning 1 &
Received: 21 December 2019 / Revised: 14 September 2020 / Accepted: 22 September 2020 # Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung 2020
Fig. 1 In situ imagery of Hydrolagus melanophasma (1367 m) at Clipperton Atoll (N 10.23993, W − 109.21736). a Adult male approaching camera; b aggregation of males; c adult female with egg cases visible; d female with egg cases co-occur with two males over rock and sand habitat with low relief
Communicated by L. Menzel
2
National Geographic Society Pristine Seas, Washington, DC, USA
3
Charles Darwin Foundation, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador
4
* Jonatha Giddens [email protected]
Hawaiʿi Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaiʿi, Kāne‘ohe, Hawaiʿi, USA
5
Pacific Shark Research Center, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, Moss Landing, CA, USA
1
6
South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, South Africa
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-020-01122-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
National Geographic Society Exploration Technology Lab, Washington, DC, USA
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Hydrolagus melanophasma (Chondrichthyes, Chimaeriformes, Chimaeridae) was described from Baja California, Mexico (James et al. 2009), with subsequent records revealing its range extends south to Chile (Ebert 2016). Despite new records, life history and behavior of this species remains poorly known as sightings are few and largely limited to catch samples. The only published study using in situ imagery of H. melanophasma reports solitary or two individuals, with limited behavior and life history stages observed (James et al. 2009). In March 2016, baited deep-sea cameras (Turchik et al. 2015) were used to record 4K video footage of the deepbenthos during a marine ecological assessment of Clipperton Atoll (Tropical Eastern Pacific). Distinguished by its dark body and light band across the snout (Ebert et al. 2017), we observed H. melanophasma on four occasions, between 1126 and 1497 m depth (Fig. 1). In contrast to the original behavioral description of H. melanophasma fleeing from un-baited Remote Operated Vehicle cameras (James et al. 2009), individuals here approached the camera and bumped it while attempting to eat the mackerel bait (Fig. 1a). At 1367 m depth (N 10.23993, W − 109.21736), the first aggregation of this species, consisting of four males and one female, was observed (Fig. 1b; Online Resource 1). Additionally, the female had paired yellow spindle-shaped egg cases clearly visible (Fig. 1c), and usually, but not always, occurred in the field-of-view at different time points than the males (Fig. 1d). All known Chimaeriformes are oviparious with egg case morphology bei
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