First phylogenetic analysis of the tribe Oligaphorurini (Collembola: Onychiuridae) inferred from morphological data, wit
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
First phylogenetic analysis of the tribe Oligaphorurini (Collembola: Onychiuridae) inferred from morphological data, with implications for generic classification Grzegorz Paśnik 1 & Wanda M. Weiner 1
Received: 28 August 2016 / Accepted: 24 May 2017 # The Author(s) 2017. This article is an open access publication
Abstract Oligaphorurini represent tribe of the subfamily Onychiurinae, which currently comprises 5 genera and 53 species. The present study evaluated the monophyly of Oligaphorurini genera. We investigated phylogenetic relationships among 39 species, representing all extant genera of Oligaphorurini. Both equal- and implied-weighting parsimony analyses were used in phylogenetic reconstruction. The cladistic analyses were based on comprehensive survey of adults’ morphological characters because specimens suitable for molecular studies were not available for the majority taxa. The phylogenetic analysis resulted in the recognition of a monophyletic Chribellphorura, and strongly supported nonmonophyly of the previously recognized genera Archaphorura, Dimorphaphorura, Micraphorura, and Oligaphorura. The following new synonymy is recognized: O l i g a p h o r u r a = D i m o r p h a p h o r u r a s y n . n o v. , = Micraphorura syn. nov., = Archaphorura syn. nov. The general classification of Oligaphorurini is followed by the diagnoses of genera and key to the all known species.
Keywords Phylogeny . Implied weighting . Taxonomy . Classification . Identification key
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13127-017-0332-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Grzegorz Paśnik [email protected]
1
Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31-016 Kraków, Poland
Introduction The Oligaphorurini comprises 53 species restricted in occurrence to Holarctic Region (Bellinger et al. 2016). The tribe was established by Bagnall (1949) as a subfamily and characterized by a small postantennal organ with a 3–5 lobed vesicle, the specific structure of the antennal organ, the presence and arrangement of pseudocelli on the head, and the presence/ absence of anal spines. Bagnall divided the tribe into four genera (Archaphorura, Dimorphaphorura, Micraphorura, and Oligaphorura) and presented diagnosis, which did not allow for clear differentiation of genera. Most of twentiethcentury authors have, however, considered all created genera as junior synonyms of Onychiurus Gervais, 1841. In 1996, four original genera described by Bagnall were recovered by Weiner whereas Pomorski recovered three genera (he has not included Dimorphaphorura into his classification). Both authors, using different approaches (Pomorski studied the first instar juveniles, while Weiner used adults), base their diagnosis on the organization of furcal remnant located in mid-section of fourth abdominal segment. According to these authors, Archaphorura was defined by the absence of anal spines, Dimorphaphorur
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