Floating Car Data
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		    Filtering  Hierarchies and Level of Detail
 
 Filter-Refine Paradigm  Filter and Refine Strategy
 
 FIPS 173  Spatial Data Transfer Standard (SDTS)
 
 FIPS PUB 173  Spatial Data Transfer Standard (SDTS)
 
 321
 
 Main Text The over-time-collected positional data component of FCD is referred to as vehicle tracking data. FCD can be obtained by tracking using either GPS devices or mobile phones. The latter type results in low-accuracy data. Depending on the collection method and data accuracy, more or less sophisticated map-matching algorithms have to be used to relate tracking data to a road network. In database terms, the tracking data can be modeled in terms of a trajectory, which is obtained by interpolating the position samples. Typically, linear interpolation is used as opposed to other methods, such as polynomial splines. The sampled positions then become the endpoints of line segments and the movement of an object is represented by an entire polyline in 3D space. FCD is a powerful means to assess traffic conditions in urban areas given that a large number of vehicles collect such data. Typical vehicle fleets comprise taxis, public transport vehicles, utility vehicles, but also private vehicles.
 
 First Law of Geography  Crime Mapping and Analysis
 
 Cross References  Dynamic Travel Time Maps  Map-Matching
 
 First-Order Logic with Constraints Queries  Linear Versus Polynomial Constraint Databases
 
 Recommended Reading 1. Schaefer, R.-P., Thiessenhusen, K.-U., Wagner, P.: A traffic information system by means of real-time floating-car data. In: Proc. ITS World Congress, Chicago (2002)
 
 Fleet Management  Routing Vehicles, Algorithms
 
 Flocking  Movement Patterns in Spatio-temporal Data
 
 Floating Car Data D IETER P FOSER RA Computer Technology Institute, Athens, Greece
 
 Folksonomy  Uncertainty, Semantic
 
 Synonyms Probe vehicle data; PVD; Vehicle tracking data Definition Floating car data (FCD) refers to using data generated by one vehicle as a sample to assess the overall traffic condition (“cork swimming in the river”). Typically this data comprises basic vehicle telemetry such as speed, direction and, most importantly, the position of the vehicle.
 
 Footprint  Retrieval Algorithms, Spatial
 
 Format  Geography Markup Language (GML)
 
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