Flooded drilling of Inconel 718 using graphene incorporating cutting fluid
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Flooded drilling of Inconel 718 using graphene incorporating cutting fluid Behzad Eskandari 1
&
Sukanta Bhowmick 1
&
Ahmet T. Alpas 1
Received: 21 July 2020 / Accepted: 28 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In order to improve drilling performance of Inconel 718 alloy, a cutting fluid (CF) consisting of 70% water and 30% vegetable oil blended with graphene nanoplatelets was used. Sliding of Inconel 718 workpiece using WC-Co drills with CF containing 54 × 10−5 wt% graphene (GCF) reduced the coefficient of friction (COF) between the tool and workpiece surfaces from 0.16 to 0.08 and resulted in the formation of tribolayers. The maximum drilling torque of 6 Nm for CF was reduced to 2 Nm using GCF. Additionally, arithmetic mean height (Sa) of drilled surfaces decreased from 8 to 4 μm and a reduction in the amount of material transferred from the Inconel 718 to the cutting edge of the drill was observed. The drilling temperature decreased from 150 to 100 °C using GCF during the process. Subsurface plastic deformation that occurred at the drilled surfaces of Inconel 718 was examined by cross-sectional optical microscopy which revealed that both the depth of deformation zone and the magnitude of subsurface strains were lower compared with flooded drilling. Therefore, graphene added in small quantities to the cutting fluid can provide an energy efficient method for drilling of Inconel 718. Keywords Graphene . Cutting fluids . Inconel 718 . Drilling torque . Coefficient of friction . Tribolayer
1 Introduction Despite its pervasive use in demanding structural engineering applications requiring high strength and stability at elevated temperatures and adverse atmospheres, machining of Inconel 718 continues to be a challenging step in the manufacturing of components made of this alloy. Machining of the Ni-based superalloys, including Inconel 718, is partially influenced by their deformation behavior, particularly by shear localization in the adiabatic shear bands [1–4]. The poor heat dissipation during machining due to their low thermal conductivity [5–8] would lead to strain localization (hence adiabatic shear band formation) along with generation of high local temperatures at the cutting zone. One of the consequences of local * Ahmet T. Alpas [email protected] Behzad Eskandari [email protected] Sukanta Bhowmick [email protected] 1
Mechanical Automotive and Materials Engineering Department, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
temperature increase is the occurrence of high rates of tool wear [9] as Ni has high chemical affinity to several carbides in the cutting tools [10–13]. Recently, high-pressure coolants [14, 15], cryogenic coolants [16, 17], use of tool coatings that are resistant to dissolution wear [18], and new cutting methods such as minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) [19] and new cutting tools [20] have been developed to improve machinability of Ni-based super alloys. Another relatively new strategy consists of modificati
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