Flow pattern velocity and turbulence energy measurements and predictions in a water model of an argon-stirred ladle
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r o r s (e.g., it m a y o v e r p r e d i c t the v e l o c i t y and u n d e r p r e d i c t the eddy v i s c o s i t y ) and would s t i l l p r o v i d e g o o d a g r e e m e n t b e t w e e n p r e d i c t e d and m e a s u r e d t r a c e r d i s persion rates. F o r this r e a s o n it was thought d e s i r a b l e to s u b j e c t the m o d e l i n g e q u a t i o n s to a m o r e r i g o r o u s t e s t , by c o m p a r i n g the p r e d i c t i o n s with m e a s u r e d v e l o c i t y and t u r b u l e n c e e n e r g y fields in a w a t e r m o d e l s y s t e m . Ideally, the r e s u l t s of such a c o m p a r i s o n should p r o vide both a r e l i a b l e a s s e s s m e n t of the a p p l i c a b i l i t y of the m o d e l and the m e a n s of its r e f i n e m e n t . The work d e s c r i b e d in this p a p e r was u n d e r t a k e n to p r o v i d e a p r e l i m i n a r y a s s e s s m e n t of the m a t h e m a t i c a l m o d e l for r e c i r c u l a t i n g flow by d i r e c t c o m p a r i s o n with m e a s u r e m e n t s t a k e n in a w a t e r model of an a r g o n s t i r r e d ladle. 1. E X P E R I M E N T A L PROGRAM The a p p a r a t u s , shown s c h e m a t i c a l l y in Fig. 1, c o n s i s t e d of a c y l i n d r i c a l P l e x i g l a s tank, 0.60 m in d i a m and 0.65 m deep. In o p e r a t i o n the tank was filled with w a t e r and s t i r r e d by a m e t e r e d c o n t i n u o u s j e t of a i r a d m i t t e d t h r o u g h an o r i f i c e c e n t r a l l y p l a c e d in the b o t tom of the tank. To m i n i m i z e light r e f l e c t i o n s d u r i n g the flow v i s u a l i z a t i o n s t u d i e s , this tank was i m m e r s e d in a c u b i c a l P l e x i g l a s c o n t a i n e r , 0.65 m on a s i d e , which also was f i l l e d with w a t e r . Both t a n k s w e r e open at the top so that v e l o c i t y s e n s i n g p r o b e s could be i n t r o d u c e d and m o v e d f r e e l y in the t h r e e c o o r d i n a t e d i rections. 1.1 Flow V i s u a l i z a t i o n Studies The e x p e r i m e n t a l a r r a n g e m e n t for the flow v i s u a l i z a t i o n s t u d i e s is also i l l u s t r a t e d in Fig. 1. P h o t o g r a p h y was e m p l o y e d to r e c o r d the m o v e m e n t of 0.6 mm diam, illuminated, polystyrene particles dispersed in the w a t e r . The light s o u r c e c o n s i s t e d of two high i n t e n s i t y GE 1500 W, 240 V, t u b u l a r q u a r t z l a m p s w i r e d in p a r a l l e l and e n c l o s e d in a t u b u l a r l a m p h o u s e m a d e of thin s t a i n l e s s s t e e l . The l a m p h o u s e c o n t a i n e d a s l i t 1.2 c m wide and the b e a m i s s u i n g through it was c o l l i m a t e d u s i n g two s h e e t s of a l u m i n u m . Through this a r r a n g e m e n t , f u r t h e r d e t a i l s of which a r e a v a i l a b l e in VOLUME 78, JUNE 1976 287
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