Food addiction and psychiatric comorbidities: a review of current evidence
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REVIEW
Food addiction and psychiatric comorbidities: a review of current evidence Armando Piccinni1,2 · Rachele Bucchi2 · Claudia Fini2 · Federica Vanelli2 · Mauro Mauri3 · Tiziana Stallone4 · Ernesto Daniel Cavallo2 · Cargioli Claudio5 Received: 12 June 2020 / Accepted: 12 September 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Background Food addiction (FA) is characterised by the consumption of appetible foods and by addictive psychological and behavioural symptoms such as cravings, tolerance, limited control of substance intake and withdrawal symptoms. Despite previous research on FA has been hindered by the lack of a formal definition for this condition, recent global trends have stirred the interest of the scientific community towards a proper classification and construct of FA. More specifically, recent studies have pointed towards shared defective neurobiological mechanisms as well as frequent comorbidities between FA, eating disorders, mood disorders, anxiety disorders and substance-related and addictive disorders. Objective In this review, we will provide an overview of the complex symptomatology of food addiction evaluating its relationship with mood disorders, anxiety disorders, eating disorders and substance-related and addictive disorders. Methods We wrote a systematic review and followed a PRISMA methods. Results Patients with FA and substance use disorders show similar risk factors, neurobiological and hormonal correlates, personality traits and symptom profiles. The presence of FA appears to be directly proportional to the burden of symptoms of affective disorder. The comorbidity between FA and other eating disorders is associated with worse clinical conditions and symptoms. Conclusion FA should be considered a sort of transnosological construct existing in different psychopathological domains that have similarities with substance-related, affective, and eating disorders. Furthermore, FA seems to be likely an important factor related to several psychopathological dimensions, but further studies are needed to clarify this view. Level of evidence Level V, review article. Keywords Food addiction · Mood disorders · Psychiatric comorbidities · Eating disorders · Substance use disorders · Psychopathological dimension
Introduction of food addiction
Armando Piccinni, Rachele Bucchi and Claudia Fini authors cofirst. This article is part of the Topical Collection on Food and Addiction. * Armando Piccinni [email protected] 1
Unicamillus, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy
Brain Research Foundation (BRF), Via Berlinghieri 15, 55100 Lucca, Italy
2
The conceptualization that foods, particularly highly palatable ones, may be the subject of addiction has been intensely debated since 1956, when the concept of food addiction (FA) was first proposed as “a common pattern of symptoms descriptively similar to those of other addictive processes” [1]. Recent global trends, such as the increase 3
Department of Psychiatry, Neurobiology, Pharmacol
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