Food Allergy
Infantile FA is most common which is onset preceded atopic dermatitis (AD) in “allergic march” with comorbidity in various allergic disease. The frequency of food allergy (FA) was most infantile under 1-year-old of all and has decreased in growing up by n
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28
Reiko Kishikawa and Akiko Sugiyama
Abstract
Infantile FA is most common which is onset preceded atopic dermatitis (AD) in “allergic march” with comorbidity in various allergic disease. The frequency of food allergy (FA) was most infantile under 1-year-old of all and has decreased in growing up by natural history. Recently the dysfunction of skin barrier, such a filaggrin protein, has been sometimes reported as etiology of “allergic march.” It is said adult patients with FA have also some relations to AD. Peculiar forms of FA, pollen-food syndrome (PFS)/oral allergic syndrome (OAS), latex fruit syndrome (LFS), and food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (FDEIA) occurred to adolescent and adult people and sometimes related to occupational food allergy involving AD symptoms. The diagnosis and treatment of FA help in the understanding of medical workers and should be attentive to allergic patients with not only infant FA but also adult patients with latent FA. If it happened the natural disaster, it should be necessary to supply FA patients with the specific food and AD patients with the shower facilities as soon as possible.
R. Kishikawa (*) Department of Allergology, National Hospital Organization Fukuoka Hospital, 4-39-1 Yakatabaru Minami-ku Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan e-mail: [email protected] A. Sugiyama Department of Dermatology, National Hospital Organization Fukuoka Hospital, 4-39-1 Yakatabaru Minami-ku Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018 I. Katayama et al. (eds.), Evolution of Atopic Dermatitis in the 21st Century, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5541-6_28
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R. Kishikawa and A. Sugiyama
Keywords
Atopic dermatitis and food allergy • Atopic (allergic) march • Adult food allergy and atopic dermatitis • Guidelines for food allergy • Disaster and food allergy/ atopic dermatitis
28.1 Introduction Food allergy (FA) is “a phenomenon in which adverse reactions are caused through antigen-specific immunological mechanisms after exposure to given food” [1, 2]. In this chapter, we will describe atopic dermatitis (AD), a complication of IgE- mediated FA, and outline FA according to the 2016 Japanese Guideline for The Diagnosis and Treatment of Allergic Disease. FA places both individual and social burdens [3] on allergic infants, children, adolescents, and adults.
28.2 Food Allergy Symptoms and Anaphylaxis 28.2.1 General Symptoms of Food Allergy [1, 2, 4, 5] The general symptoms of FA, which are variable, affect many target organs and can be divided into immediate type (occurring within 2 h) and delayed type (occurring after 2 or more hours). The skin, mucosal membrane, airway, gastrointestinal tract, nervous system, cardiovascular, and systemic symptoms vary (Table 28.1). Anaphylaxis is defined as general symptoms affecting >2 target organs without hypotension, whereas anaphylactic shock is defined as anaphylaxis with hypotension and unconsciousness. Anaphylaxis and anaphylactic shock are life-threatening events for which early responses and treatments are
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