Forensic DNA Typing Protocols
This volume presents a series of protocols and methods, some of which are not widely used by researchers/practitioners, and will aid in the execution of different laboratory techniques. Forensic DNA Typing Protocols, Second Edition is arranged into a seri
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William Goodwin Editor
Forensic DNA Typing Protocols Second Edition
METHODS
IN
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Series Editor John M. Walker School of Life and Medical Sciences University of Hertfordshire Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK
For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/7651
Forensic DNA Typing Protocols Second Edition
Edited by
William Goodwin School of Forensic and Applied Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, UK
Editor William Goodwin School of Forensic and Applied Sciences University of Central Lancashire Preston, Lancashire, UK
ISSN 1064-3745 ISSN 1940-6029 (electronic) Methods in Molecular Biology ISBN 978-1-4939-3595-6 ISBN 978-1-4939-3597-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4939-3597-0 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016941950 1st edition: 2005 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Humana Press imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer Science+Business Media LLC New York
Preface Forensic DNA analysis has evolved almost beyond recognition in the last 30 years. Following its inception in 1985, the first ten years saw rapid changes in technology with short tandem repeats (STRs) replacing variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) as the DNA marker of choice. From the mid-1990s to the present day, the changes in technology have been less dramatic and STRs remain the main tool utilized by forensic laboratories around the world, albeit with incremental improvements in reagents, equipment and practice. These changes have made DNA profiling more powerful, sensitive, and resistant to PCR inhibitors. While STRs remain the mainstay of forensic analysis, several tools have been developed that can be used in addition to or as an enhancement to established techniques. The analysis of body fluids using RNA as a target, which complements classical presumptive and confirmatory tests, has yielded promising results. The
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