Forest Dynamics, Growth and Yield From Measurement to Model
The aim of this book is to improve the understanding of forest dynamics and the sustainable management of forest ecosystems. How do tree crowns, trees or entire forest stands respond to thinning in the long term? What effect do tree species mixtures and m
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Hans Pretzsch
Forest Dynamics, Growth and Yield From Measurement to Model
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Hans Pretzsch TU München LS Waldwachstumskunde Am Hochanger 13 85354 Freising Germany [email protected]
ISBN: 978-3-540-88306-7 e-ISBN: 978-3-540-88307-4 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-88307-4 Library of Congress Control Number: 2008937496 c 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg ° This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: Ulrich Kern and Leonhard Steinacker Printed on acid-free paper springer.com
Preface
How do tree crowns, trees or entire forest stands respond to thinning in the long term? What effect do tree species mixture and multi-layering have on the productivity and stability of trees, stands or forest enterprises? How do tree and stand growth respond to stress due to climate change or air pollution? Furthermore, in the event that one has acquired knowledge about the effects of thinning, mixture and stress, how can one make this knowledge applicable to decision making in forestry practice? The experimental designs, analytical methods, general relationships and models for answering questions of this kind are the focal point of this book. Forest ecosystems can be analysed at very different spatial and temporal levels. This book focuses on a very specific range in scale within which to analyse forest ecosystems, which extends spatially from the plant organ level through to the stand level, and temporally from days or months to the life-time of a forest stand, spanning decades or possibly even centuries. It is this range in scale addressed in the book that gives it its special profile. General rules, relationships and models of tree, and stand growth are introduced at these levels. Whereas plant biology and ecophysiology operate at a higher resolution, forest management and landscape ecology operate at a broader spatial-temporal resolution. The approach to forest dynamics, growth and yield adopted in this book lies in between; it integrates knowledge from these disciplines and, therefore, can contribute to a cross-scale, holistic systems understanding. The scales selected have practical relevance, as they are identical to those of biological observation and the environment in which people live. As interesting as fragme
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