Foreword: The Richard J. Fruehan Symposium on Physical Chemistry of Sustainable Metal Processing
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The Richard J. Fruehan Symposium on ‘‘Physical Chemistry of Sustainable Metal Processing’’ addressed the latest developments in the areas of Physical Chemistry of Metals Manufacturing. The symposium took place at Carnegie Mellon University (Pittsburgh, PA) on June 1–2, 2011 and recognized the important contributions of Professor Dick Fruehan to our community. Dick’s scientific career spans more than four decades. He began his career as a graduate student at the University of Pennsylvania under the guidance of Professor G.R. Belton. He then became a postdoctoral researcher under Professor F.D. Richardson at Imperial College. From London he moved to Pittsburgh and joined US Steel where he worked with Dr. E.T. Turkdogan and Dr. L.S. Darken. After the demise of the Bain Fundamental Research Laboratory in Monroeville, he joined Carnegie Mellon University as a professor and built and directed the world renown Center for Iron and Steelmaking Research (CISR), which started as an NSF (National Science Foundation)-University-IndustryResearch Center with a handful of companies but grew to include more than 20 national and international companies. In many ways it is a model of how academic research with hypothesis-driven questions leading to doctoral dissertations can be integrated with long-term industrial problems concerning the physical chemistry of iron and steelmaking which is critical for sustainability and resource management. He currently is the co-director of the CISR and the US Steel Professor of Iron and Steelmaking within the Department of Materials Science and Engineering. He is also an editor of MMTB (Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B). Dick’s contributions to the scientific literature include many classic papers that undoubtedly most among us have cited at one time or another. These include (for example) elucidations of reactions between melts and gases, insights into slag foaming, studies of de-phosporization reactions, decarburization, novel iron and steelmaking processes, postcombustion, residual control, and inclusion formation. He has also conducted process analysis of many current and future technologies in both steel and aluminum processing. Technologically several of his ideas and inventions have been implemented in industry and are in use today. Examples include the liquid metal oxygen sensor and the development of standardized and rapid inclusion analysis. He has (and still does) passionately educate and mentor students at all levels,and these young men and women are now established scientists and researchers in industry, academia, and government laboratories all over the world. They are all witnesses to his passion and dedication to the field of high-temperature physical chemistry of metals and slags. Dick has also taught classes to plant operators around the world and is well known as the man who pioneered the art and science of clean steel manufacture. As Dick often points out, the processes that occur during metals manufacturing are by far the largest consumers of energy and raw materials in
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