Formability A Review of Parameters and Processes that Control, Limit

- Overview of materials and treatment aspects of manufacturability of sheet metal - Written by an industrial expert turned scientist - Concentrates on the formability of sheet metal, one of the fundamental form material is used in metalworking

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Wilko C. Emmens

Formability A Review of Parameters and Processes that Control, Limit or Enhance the Formability of Sheet Metal

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Wilko C. Emmens Construerende Technische Wetenschappen Technische Mechanica University of Twente P.O. Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands e-mail: [email protected]

ISSN 2191-530X ISBN 978-3-642-21903-0 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-21904-7

Wilko C. Emmens Tata Steel RD&T IJmuiden The Netherlands

e-ISSN 2191-5318 e-ISBN 978-3-642-21904-7

Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Ó Wilko C. Emmens 2011 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: eStudio Calamar, Berlin/Figueres Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Foreword

The basic of investigation, Kershaw, is to keep asking: why. Chief Inspector Morse, 1998

The idea to write this work originated a couple of years ago. The first reason was that such did not exist. During my quite long career in sheet metal forming I have encountered work on forming technology (but not that much) and on material behaviour (a little more), but nothing devoted to the interface between that: formability. So I decided to write that myself. At that time, I also had started research in ISF (Incremental Sheet Forming), and as a good researcher is supposed to do, I started a literature survey. The enhanced formability in ISF was already recognized in the early years, but I was surprised to discover that seemingly nobody had asked the question: Why are high levels of uniform straining possible in ISF? So I set myself a task to answer that question. Apparently, I was not the only one; it is a fact that in the recent years much research has been going on to get a better understanding about formability inspired by ISF, for example concerning the role of additional shear. That is also the reason why much literature that this work is referring to, is of recent date. This increased interest in the more fundamental aspects of formability was the second reason to write this work. It has evolved over the previous years until this present work that I consider as fairly complete (time will tell). I have tried to create an overview