Formation mechanism and stability of the phase in the interface of tungsten carbide particles reinforced iron matrix com
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Jing Feng School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA (Received 22 September 2015; accepted 16 May 2016)
To study the formation mechanism and stability of the phase in the interface of tungsten carbide particles reinforced iron matrix composites, the composites were fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique and combined with first-principles calculation. It was found that Fe3W3C compound was stable from the perspective of both thermodynamics and mechanical properties based on our calculations. Interfacial reaction product of tungsten carbide particles reinforced iron matrix composites was M6C. Experimental results indicated that the samples prepared by SPS did not appear interfacial reaction zone, while, interfacial reaction zone appeared for the remelted samples. With the increasing remelting temperature, the width of the interface reaction zone increased because the mutual diffusion occurred at the interface between tungsten carbide particles and matrix. Its formation mechanism was 3Fe 1 3/2W2C ! Fe3W3C 1 1/2C. Our research might provide a theoretical guidance in controlling the interface of tungsten carbide particles reinforced iron matrix composites.
I. INTRODUCTION
As compared with other carbides, tungsten carbide combines favorable properties, such as high hardness, high strength, high wear resistance, and good wettability.1 Among them, tungsten carbide (WC) is the most widely used hard material in manufacturing cemented carbides for components used in various wear applications, especially in cases where hot hardness and thermal shock resistance are required.2 The interface of composite involved the reinforcing particles and matrix, which has a notable cushion mechanics and affects the mechanical properties of composites profoundly. Composites with well-bounded interface can maintain high strength of particles and good toughness of metal matrix simultaneously. That’s the reason why composites possess an excellent performance than a single material.3,4 Therefore, it is vital to control the interface of composites, because it is not only the “heart” of composites, but also the “ties” linking reinforcement and matrix.5–8 In recent years, the development of carbide particle reinforced metal matrix composites has made a great progress. For instance, Zhang et al.9 have developed WC/Hadfield
Contributing Editor: Susan Sinnott a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2016.268
steel composite and its results revealed that the elements W, C, and Fe in steel could react to form new carbides Fe3W3C, and the interface (i.e., Fe3W3C) between WC particles and Hadfield steel matrix was a strong metallurgical bonding. Laser surface melting was used to treat electrometallurgic WC/steel composites by You et al.,10 and they found out that the precipitated phase was the herringbone-like eutectic carbide, i.e., Fe3W3C. Gao et al.11 researched the effect of sintering temperature on WC steel-bonded composite and the results showed t
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