Formation of Cube and Goss Texture After Primary Recrystallization in Electrical Steels
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NONORIENTED electrical steel sheets are widely used for magnetic core materials of rotating machines in generators and motors. Magnetic property has always been a priority for the electrical steel manufacturers. In order to achieve a high magnetic flux density and low core loss, the textures with easy magnetization direction h001i parallel to the magnetic flux are highly desirable. Cube ({100} h001i) and Goss ({110} h001i) textures, both having h001i direction in the rolling plane, can remarkably improve magnetic properties of nonoriented electrical steel and make rotating machines smaller and more efficient.[1–3] However, the deleterious c fiber (h111i//normal direction [ND]) usually dominates the primary recrystallization development in ferrite steels.[4–6] Benefiting from the development of grain-oriented electrical steels, researchers explored earlier on Goss texture in steels, and it is known that g fiber (h001i// rolling direction [RD]) including Goss texture mainly nucleates at shear bands within deformed {111}h112i grains.[7–10] The deformed {111}h110i and {112}h110i grains may also contribute to the nucleation of Goss grains.[9] In contrast, there is still lack of a clear understanding on Cube texture development in silicon steel. It was reported that Cube texture can form in electrical steel sheets with initial hot bands containing many columnar grained regions after primary recrystallization.[11,12] Hayakawa and Kurosawa obtained Cube texture in electrical steel sheets by means of cross rolling and secondary recrystallization.[13] Tomida et al. described a process to produce Cube texture by oxideJINLONG LIU, Postdoctor, YUHUI SHA and LIANG ZUO, Professors, KE HU, Graduate Student, and FANG ZHANG, Associate Professor, are with the Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P.R. China. Contact e-mail: yhsha@mail. neu.edu.cn Manuscript submitted February 28, 2013. Article published online August 30, 2013 134—VOLUME 45A, JANUARY 2014
separator-induced decarburization in Fe-3.0 pct Si-1.0 pct Mn steel sheets and accounted for the growth of cube grains associated with diffusion-induced transformation.[14] However, these special methods are actually difficult to carry out in industrial manufacturing. In this study, Fe-2.1 wt. pct Si thin sheets were produced by conventional hot rolling, cold rolling, and annealing. The recrystallization texture evolution was investigated to explore the availability of dominant Cube and Goss textures during primary annealing.
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EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
Fe-2.1 wt pct Si ingots were prepared by induction melting, and the chemical composition is shown in Table I. The ingots were first homogenized at 1473 K (1200 °C), forged to 80-mm-thick plates, and then hot rolled to 3.5 mm with the finishing temperature of 1073 K (800 °C). Afterward, the hot bands were normalized at 1143 K (870 °C) for 60 minutes and further cold rolled to 0.50 and 0.30 mm, respectively. Finally, the rolled sheets were fully annealed
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