Foundations: Logic, Language, and Mathematics
The more traditional approaches to the history and philosophy of science and technology continue as well, and probably will continue as long as there are skillful practitioners such as Carl Hempel, Ernest Nagel, and th~ir students. Finally, there are stil
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FOUNDATIONS: LOGIC, LANGUAGE, AND MATHEMATICS Edited by HUGUES LEBLANC, ELLIOTT MENDELSON, and ALEX ORENSTEIN
Reprinted from Synthese, Vol. 60 Nos. 1 and 2
SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.
TSBN 978-90-481-8406-4 ISBN 978-94-017-1592-8 (eBook) DOI 10. 1007/978-94-017-1592-8
AlI Rights Reserved Copyright © 1984 by Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by D. Reidel Publishing Company. Dordrecht. Holland in 1984 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1984 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, inc1uding photocopying, record ing or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Series Editors' Preface
1
Preface
3
I A Symmetric Approach to Axiomatizing Quantifiers and Modalities NICOLAS D . GOODMAN I The Knowing Mathematician RAYMOND D. GUMB I "Conservative" Kripke Closures HENRY HIZ I Frege , Lesniewski, and Information Semantics on the Resolution of Antinomies RICHARD JEFFREY I De Finetti's Probabilism HUGUES L E BLANC and CHARLES G . MORGAN I Probability Functions and Their Assumption Sets -The Binary Case GILBERT HARMAN I Logic and Reasoning JOHN MYHILL I Paradoxes ALEX ORENSTEIN I Referential and Nonreferential Substitutional Quantifiers WILFRIED SIEG 1 Foundations for Analysis and Proof Theory RAYMOND M. SMULLY AN I Chameleonic Languages RAPHAEL STERN I Relational Model Systems: The Craft of Logic J. DILLER and A. S. TROELSTRA I Realizability and lntuitionistic Logic MELVIN FITTING
5 21 39 51 73 91 107 129 145 159 201 225 253
CITY COLLEGE STUDIES IN THE HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY: SERIES EDITORS' PREFACE Recent years have seen the emergence of several new approaches to the history and philosophy of science and technology. For one, what were perceived by many as separate, though perhaps related, fields of inquiry have come to be regarded by more and more scholars as a single discipline with different areas of emphasis. In this discipline any profound understanding so deeply intertwines history and philosophy that it might be said, to paraphrase Kant, that philosophy without history is empty and history without philosophy is blind. Another contemporary trend in the history and philosophy of science and technology has been to bring together the English-speaking and continental traditions in philosophy. The views of those who do analytic philosophy and the views of the hermeneuticists have combined to influence the thinking of some philosophers in the English-speaking world, and over the last decade that influence has been felt in the history and philosophy of science. There has also been the longstanding influence in the West of continental thinkers working on problems in the philosophy of technology. This synthesis of two traditions has made for a richer fund of ideas and approaches that may change our conception of science and technology. Still another trend that is i
