Fractal Geometry in Architecture and Design
na broad sense Design Science is the grammar of a language of images Irather than of words. Modern communication techniques enable us to transmit and reconstitute images without needing to know a specific verbal sequence language such as the Morse code or
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Cad Bovill School if Architecture University if Maryland
Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
Cari Bovill School of Architecture University ofMaryland College Park, MD 20742-1411 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Bovill, Cari Fractal geometry in architecture and design / Cari Bovill. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4612-6918-2 ISBN 978-1-4612-0843-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4612-0843-3 1. Architecture - Composition, proportion, etc. 2. Architectural design. 3. Fractals. I. Title NA2760.B72 1996 729'.01 '51474-dc20 Printed on acid-free paper. ©1996 Springer Science+Business Media New York Original1y published by Birkhiiuser Boston in 1996 Copyright is not claimed for works of U.S. Government employees. Ali rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission of the copyright owner. Permission to photocopy for interna! or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, for libraries and other users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC), provided that the base fee of $6.00 per copy, plus $0.20 per page is paid directly to CCC, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 09123, U.s.A. Special requests should be addressed directly to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. ISBN 978-1-4612-6918-2 Designed and typeset by Merry Obrecht Sawdey, ShadeTree Designs, Minneapolis, MN, USA Cover design by Joseph Sherman, Dutton and Sherman Design, Hamden, CT, USA. Illustrations by Cari Twarog, Greenville, NC, USA.
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Fractal Geometry in Architecture and Design
Dedicated to Mia, Anna, and Jean
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Foreword
na broad sense Design Science is the grammar of a language of images rather than of words. Modern communication techniques enable us to transmit and reconstitute images without needing to know a specific verbal sequence language such as the Morse code or Hungarian. International traffic signs use international image symbols which are not specific to any particular verbal language. An image language differs from a verbal one in that the latter uses a linear string of symbols, whereas the former is multidimensional. Architectural renderings commonly show projections onto three mutually perpendicular planes, or consist of cross sections at different altitudes capable of being stacked and representing different floor plans. Such renderings make it difficult to imagine buildings comprising ramps and other features which disguise the separation between floors, and consequently limit the creative process of the architect. Analogously, we tend to analyze natural structures as if nature had used similar stacked renderings, rather than, for instance, a system of packed spheres, with the result that we fail to perceive the system of organization determining the form of such structures. Perception is a complex process. Our senses reco
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