Frame-Based Multiple-Description Video Coding with Extended Orthogonal Filter Banks
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Frame-Based Multiple-Description Video Coding with Extended Orthogonal Filter Banks R. Bernardini,1 M. Durigon,1 R. Rinaldo,1 A. Vitali,2 and P. Zontone1 1 Dipartimento
di Ingegneria Elettrica, Gestionale e Meccanica, Universit`a degli Studi di Udine, via delle Scienze 208, 33100 Udine, Italy 2 ST Microelectronics, via C. Olivetti 2, 20041 Agrate Brianza, Italy Received 4 August 2004; Revised 20 December 2004; Accepted 21 February 2005 We propose a frame-based multiple-description video coder. The analysis filter bank is the extension of an orthogonal filter bank which computes the spatial polyphase components of the original video frames. The output of the filter bank is a set of video sequences which can be compressed with a standard coder. The filter bank design is carried out by taking into account two important requirements for video coding, namely, the fact that the dual synthesis filter bank is FIR, and that loss recovery does not enhance the quantization error. We give explicit results about the required properties of the redundant channel filter and the reconstruction error bounds in case of packet errors. We show that the proposed scheme has good error robustness to losses and good performance, both in terms of objective and visual quality, when compared to single description and other multiple description video coders based on spatial subsampling. PSNR gains of 5 dB or more are typical for packet loss probability as low as 5%. Copyright © 2006 Hindawi Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved.
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INTRODUCTION
Robust transmission of multimedia streams over error-prone packet networks has become an important issue in many scenarios, including wireless communications and distributed networking. In such applications, the usual approach of error recognition and packet retransmission may not be appropriate, because of the excessive delay caused by this technique. Moreover, a return channel may not exist or be inconvenient to use in applications with low-power simplified receivers. The use of error-correcting codes at the packet level is not useful when packets are lost because of congestion or delay, or when one of the different paths used for the packets, as in layered coding, totally fails. Recently, forward error correction (FEC) coding across packets has been suggested for robust transmission in the presence of packet losses [1]. In its simpler implementation, this technique consists in grouping N consecutive packets produced by the coder and in adding M − N “parity-check” packets, calculated by means of a block coder (e.g., a Reed-Solomon coder) applied across the N packets on a symbol-by-symbol basis. It has been noticed that this technique has a quick performance drop as soon as the packet loss rate exceeds the error recovery capability of the code. This is due to the fact that when error correction is not possible, the received information is totally useless [2].
Multiple description (MD) coding is a recently proposed solution, where a set of correlated, equally important descriptions of the source
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