Free-Radical Retrograde-Precipitation Polymerization (FRRPP) Novel C
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Gerard Caneba
Free-Radical Retrograde-Precipitation Polymerization (FRRPP) Novel Concept, Processes, Materials, and Energy Aspects
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Dr. Gerard Caneba Michigan Technological University Dept. Chemical Engineering 1400 Townsend Drive Houghton MI 49931-1295 USA [email protected]
ISBN 978-3-642-03024-6 e-ISBN 978-3-642-03025-3 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-03025-3 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2009937716 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: WMXDesign GmbH, Heidelberg Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Dedicated to my loving wife, Mary Ann; my children, Christine, Richard, Benjamin, and Katherine; and to my parents, Doroteo and Saturnina Ca˜neba
Preface
The free-radical retrograde-precipitation polymerization (FRRPP) process was introduced by the author in the early 1990s as a chain polymerization method, whereby phase separation is occurring while reactive sites are above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST). It was evident that certain regions of the product polymer attain temperatures above the average fluid temperature, sometimes reaching carbonization temperatures. During the early stages of polymerization-induced phase separation, nanoscale polymer domains were also found to be persistent in the reacting system, in apparent contradiction with results of microstructural coarsening from constant-temperature modeling and experimental studies. This mass confinement behavior was used for micropatterning, for entrapment of reactive radical sites, and for the formation of block copolymers that can be used as intermediates, surfactants, coatings, coupling agents, foams, and hydrogels. FRRPP-based materials and its mechanism have also been proposed to be relevant in energy and environmentally responsible applications. This technology lacks intellectual appeal compared to others that have been proposed to produce polymers of exotic architectures. There are no special chemical mediators needed. Control of conditions and product distribution is done by process means, based on a robust and flexible free-radical-based chemistry. Thus, it can readily
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