Freely Accessible Internet Resources for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Education and Research at Portland State Univers
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Freely Accessible Internet Resources for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Education and Research at Portland State University’s Research Servers Peter Moeck1,2, Bjoern Seipel1,2, Girish Upreti1, Morgan Harvey3, and William Garrick3 1 Physics, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, 97207-0751 2 Oregon Nanoscience and Microtechnologies Institute, Corvallis, Oregon, www.onami.us 3 Academic & Research Computing for Instruction and Research Services, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, 97207-0751 ABSTRACT Because a great deal of nanoscience and nanotechnology relies on crystalline nanometer sized or nanometer structured materials, crystallographers have to provide their specific contributions to the National Nanotechnology Initiative. Here we review two open access internet-based crystallographic databases, the Crystallography Open Database (COD) and the Nano-Crystallography Database (NCD), that store information in the Crystallographic Information File (CIF) format. Having more than ten thousand crystallographic data sets available on the internet in a standardized format allows for many kinds of internet-based crystallographic calculations and visualizations. Examples for this that are dealt with in this paper are interactive crystal structure visualizations in three dimensions (3D) and calculations of theoretical lattice-fringe fingerprint plots for the identification of unknown nanocrystals from their atomic-resolution transmission electron microscopy images. 1. INTRODUCTION In his LETTER FROM THE PRESIDENT (of the International Union of Crystallography), Yuji Ohashi, recently proposed to the community of crystallographers that: “We must take steps to ensure that crystallography continues to flourish. To accomplish this I believe we need to promote the following two initiatives. The first is the development of new crystallographic techniques. … The second is the wider expansion of crystallography to scientists in other scientific fields.… Moreover, crystallography should be expanded to include scientists in the developing countries. Because … teaching systems are insufficient in the developing countries.” [1]. We as members of the Nanocrystallography Group at Portland State University and our collaborators are contributing to both of these initiatives. We develop image-based nanocrystallography in two and three dimensions for atomic resolution transmission electron microscopy [2-4]. This may be understood as both development of new crystallographic techniques and wider expansion of crystallography to scientists in other scientific fields (Yuji Ohashi). Our developments are for the transmission electron microscopy community and complement existing freely accessible internet resources of that community [5-7]. We also develop a dedicated nanocrystallography website [8,9] for both educational and research support purposes. Over this website [9] free (open access) crystallographic databases (e.g. an approximately 11,500 entry subset of the Crystallographic Open Database (COD) [10,11] and the Nan
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