Fresh and Hardened Properties of 3D High-Strength Printing Concrete and Its Recent Applications
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RESEARCH PAPER
Fresh and Hardened Properties of 3D High‑Strength Printing Concrete and Its Recent Applications Fatih Özalp1,2 · Halit Dilşad Yilmaz1 Received: 8 July 2019 / Accepted: 14 March 2020 © Shiraz University 2020
Abstract 3D printer is the device that quickly produces the models designed on the computer using different materials without the need for a mould. In this study, the properties of the 3D printer developed by Iston and the complementary components such as concrete pump, concrete transmission hose, printer nozzle head which are synchronized with this printer are given. In addition, the mix design of fibre-reinforced and grain size limited high-performance concrete, which is used in this printer, and properties of fresh and hardened concrete are examined. In this context, mechanical properties of casted and printed specimens were compared. In addition, mechanical behaviour of printed samples in different directions was also investigated. Results of both compression and flexural tests show the mechanical properties of the printed specimens differed slightly in directions. When the casted and printed samples are compared, the strength of the casted samples is slightly higher than the printed samples. Although the mechanical properties of the casted and printed samples differed, targeted results were obtained for the strength of the printed samples. In the last part of the study, examples of street furniture produced in 3D printer using white cement mixture for decorative purposes are given. Although there are studies in the literature about 3D concrete printing, there are not any studies on street furniture produced in 3D printer. Keywords 3D concrete printing · Cement-based materials · Fresh and hardened properties · 3D street furniture · Digital construction
1 Introduction Nowadays, with the help of 3D printing technology which shows great progress in many sectors, the construction industry has adopted the production process and aims to use it in production. 3D concrete printing technology is a construction method where computer-aided concrete can be poured without formwork. With this new production technology, it is aimed to make low-cost building elements and low-rise housing constructions with the desired quality level in a very short time. Similarly, in the prefabricated sector, it is aimed to be able to produce more rapid, efficient and lowcost constructions with this production method.
* Fatih Özalp [email protected] 1
ISTON, Istanbul Concrete Elements and Ready Mixed Concrete Factories, Istanbul, Turkey
Civil Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
2
Developments in 3D concrete printing technologies started more than 20 years ago (Khoshnevis 1998, 2004). Since the first development of concrete printing technology, both laboratory scale studies and industrial works have been carried out. Thus, digital production possibilities of concrete are presented. The application areas of this new technology, including bridges for pedestrians and multi-storey buildi
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